Study on Conservation for Lacquer and Varnish

本研究的目的是为了了解一种合适的方法来保护用天然树脂涂覆的历史物品，如Urusgi，dammar。Urushi物品是亚洲和欧洲历史物品的流行材料。从大约14世纪开始，许多Urushi物品从日本进口，中国和南-在东亚，生长着各种各样的漆树。进口的漆制品在欧洲肯定是用另一种天然树脂仿制的，以便大规模生产。然后“漆”制品包括多种天然树脂材料。因此，它们的保护需要仔细研究。对德国的漆制品进行了研究。研究表明，漆制品可分为三类：（1）日本漆制品，（2）中国漆制品和（3）仿漆制品。琉球漆制品可能位于（1）和（2）之间。20.日本研究了传统的漆制技术：和岛和冲绳（琉球）用裂解气相色谱法对固化漆进行了分析，发现固化漆的裂解气相色谱图与真实漆的裂解气相色谱图相似，裂解气相色谱图的分析结果表明固化漆的裂解气相色谱图与真实漆的裂解气相色谱图相似，裂解气相色谱图的分析结果表明固化漆的裂解气相色谱图与真实漆的裂解气相色谱图相似，裂解气相色谱图的分析结果表明固化漆的裂解气相色谱图与真实漆的裂解气相色谱图相似色谱法具有样品用量少、分析时间短、无需前处理等优点。

The study was conducted in order to know a proper way for conservation of historical objects coated by natural resins such as Urusgi, dammar.Urushi objects are popular material for historical objects in Asia and in Europe also.From about 14th century many Urushi objects have been imported from Japan, China and South-East Asia where different kinds of urushi trees are grown up.Imported urushi objects were certainly imitated with another natural resins in Europe for mass production.Then "urushi" objects include many kinds of natural resin materials.Careful study is needed for their conservation as a result.Research was done on urushi objects in Germany.It showed that the objects were categorized into three groups : (1) Japanese urushi objects, (2)Chinese urushi objects and (3) imitated urushi objects.Ryukyu urushi objects may be located between (1) and (2).Traditional urushi techniques were studied in Japan : Wajima and Okinawa (Ryukyu) in order to study their difference.It is difficult to analyze cured urushi because it is not dissolved by any solvents.Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography was used for analysis and some urushi samples showed typical pyrograms similar to authentic urushi samples.This Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography method has an advantage because it needs a little amount of sample, short analyzing time and no pre-treatment.