Study on Conservation for Lacquer and Varnish

这项研究是为了找到一种正确的方法来保护由天然树脂（如乌鲁斯基树脂、达玛尔树脂）涂覆的历史文物。在亚洲和欧洲，Urushi对象是流行的历史对象材料。大约从14世纪开始，许多漆树物品从日本、中国和东南亚进口，这些地方生长着不同种类的漆树。进口的漆制品当然是用另一种天然树脂在欧洲进行大规模生产的。然后“漆”对象包括多种天然树脂材料。因此，对它们的保护需要仔细研究。研究人员在德国对漆器进行了研究。结果表明，这些文物可分为三大类：(1)日本文物、(2)中国文物和(3)仿文物。琉球琉球物体可能位于(1)和(2)之间。在日本的和岛和冲绳（琉球）研究了传统的漆术，以研究它们的区别。由于未被任何溶剂溶解，因此很难对固化的漆进行分析。采用热解气相色谱法进行分析，部分木犀样品呈现出与真品相似的典型热图。该方法具有进样量少、分析时间短、无需预处理等优点。

The study was conducted in order to know a proper way for conservation of historical objects coated by natural resins such as Urusgi, dammar.Urushi objects are popular material for historical objects in Asia and in Europe also.From about 14th century many Urushi objects have been imported from Japan, China and South-East Asia where different kinds of urushi trees are grown up.Imported urushi objects were certainly imitated with another natural resins in Europe for mass production.Then "urushi" objects include many kinds of natural resin materials.Careful study is needed for their conservation as a result.Research was done on urushi objects in Germany.It showed that the objects were categorized into three groups : (1) Japanese urushi objects, (2)Chinese urushi objects and (3) imitated urushi objects.Ryukyu urushi objects may be located between (1) and (2).Traditional urushi techniques were studied in Japan : Wajima and Okinawa (Ryukyu) in order to study their difference.It is difficult to analyze cured urushi because it is not dissolved by any solvents.Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography was used for analysis and some urushi samples showed typical pyrograms similar to authentic urushi samples.This Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography method has an advantage because it needs a little amount of sample, short analyzing time and no pre-treatment.