Observation of spatial distributions of aerosol characteristics by the satellite sensor and the airborne systems.

本项目研制了一种适用于对流层气溶胶观测的球载光学粒子计数器。利用气球载OPC观测了日本西南部福冈上空对流层和平流层气溶胶的粒径分布。还用多波激光雷达观测了光学特性的垂直剖面，包括退偏比。激光雷达在5 ~ 10 km高度的自由对流层中观测到的高消偏振比气溶胶层对应于直径为几μm的巨粒子的高浓度层。这些层的相对湿度往往变得大于70%。利用无人机系统对九州中部高原上空的气溶胶粒子谱分布和气溶胶粒子的反演进行了观测。2003年、2004年和2005年春季，还在雷山和加拉津湾进行了北方九州上空的观测。通过用SEM-EDX分析的单个颗粒的元素组成来鉴定单个颗粒的类型。特别是，矿物和海盐组合物的外部和内部混合状态进行了检查。云的活动沿着轨道观测到的空气质量也检查了轨迹分析，卫星云图，和相对湿度的无线电探空仪。这表明矿物和海盐颗粒的混合物形成于温度低于海表温度的边界层。这表明，亚洲大陆和日本之间的海上雾可以作为一个有效的过程，产生的混合粒子。

A new balloon borne Optical Particle Counter, which is suitable for tropospheric aerosol observations, was developed in this program. Size distributions of tropospheric and stratospheric aerosols over Fukuoka, southern-west Japan were observed by the balloon borne OPC. Vertical profiles of optical properties, including depolarization ratio, were also observed with a multi wave lidar. Aerosol layers with high depolarization ratio in the free troposphere, around altitude of 5 to 10 km, observed by the lidar were corresponding to the layer with high concentration of giant particles of several μm in diameter. Relative humidity of those layers often became larger than 70 %. They suggest that non-spherical aerosols in the layers play important roles in cloud processes in the middle troposphere over East Asia.Observations of aerosol size distribution and recovery of aerosol particles over highland of central Kyusyu were performed with Unmanned airplane systems. Observations over northern Kyusyu are also performed at Mt.Raizan and Karatsu Bay in the spring of 2003, 04, and 05. Types of individual particles were identified by elemental composition of individual particles analyzed with a SEM-EDX. Especially, external and internal mixing states of mineral and sea salt compositions were examined. Cloud activities along the track to the observed air masses were also examined by trajectory analyses, satellite cloud images, and relative humidity by radio sondes. They suggest that mixture of mineral and sea salt particles are formed in the boundary layer, in witch temperature is lower than sea surface temperature. It suggests that fogs over the sea between Asia continent and Japan can act as effective process to generate the mixture particles.