SFB 1608: Consistency in the View-Based Development of Cyber-Physical Systems

信息物理系统（CPS）将计算过程与物理过程相结合。该术语涵盖了许多不同类型的系统，如汽车，火车，飞机和现代智能家居系统，这些系统在开放性和连接性，增加软件实现的功能，灵活的可配置性以及可靠性和弹性方面具有竞争性要求，所有这些都在其生命周期的每个阶段都具有成本效益。当试图同时满足这些要求时，当前CPS设计方法的局限性变得明显。除了功能分解之外，科普CPS不断增加的复杂性的核心概念是定义视图，从而实现开发人员角色的专业化。然而，虽然处理组件依赖性是很好的研究，未解决的视图一致性的科学挑战是需要在可配置性，功能性，可靠性和成本效益之间进行权衡的主要原因。本CRC的目的是开发一个一般的，全面的了解视图的一致性和机制，以检测，并在可能的情况下，自动或交互式解决CPS设计中的视图之间的一致性违规。因此，我们将研究如何将软件工程中视图一致性领域的工作扩展、概括和转移到系统工程。CRC将围绕申请人已经调查的所谓虚拟单一底层元模型的方法核心形成。我们看到了一个机会之窗，因为非软件领域的成熟元模型现在已经标准化了。这使我们有机会研究我们的软件工程方法的扩展到CPS的非软件视图。我们将同时在三个研究领域工作：（A）我们将根据其他研究领域的需要，形式化不同种类的一致性，并研究它们的属性;（B）我们将在定义一致性管理的基本机制中反映这些见解，例如定义视图类型和支持并发更改;以及（C）我们将为其他研究领域提供目标，并通过调查一致性管理的使用来验证其结果，以解决CPS设计中的现有挑战，例如处理产品代之间的依赖关系，支持可变系统的进化和测试，或执行增量同源化。在资助期内，我们将把方法转移到非软件视图中，将其推广到第二个应用领域，以保持大量视图的一致性，并了解特定领域的需求，最后将其嵌入到新的敏捷方法中，以开发和发展高度可配置但可靠的CPS，并具有快速更新周期。这些方法将支持工程师设计CPS，以解决上述可配置性，功能性，可靠性和成本效益之间的权衡。

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) integrate computational processes with physical processes. The term encompasses many different kinds of systems like cars, trains, aircrafts, and modern smart home systems, which share competing requirements on openness and connectivity, increased software-implemented functionality, flexible configurability, as well as dependability and resilience, all in a cost-effective way during every phase of their lifetime. The limitations of current CPS design approaches become obvious when trying to fulfil these demands simultaneously. The central concept to cope with the ever-increasing complexity of CPS, alongside functional decomposition, is the definition of views which enable the specialisation of developer roles. However, while dealing with component dependencies is well researched, the unsolved scientific challenge of view consistency is the central reason for the need for trade-offs between configurability, functionality, dependability, and cost-effectiveness. The aim of this CRC is to develop a general, comprehensive understanding of view consistency and mechanisms to detect and, when possible, automatically or interactively resolve consistency violations between views in CPS design. Therefore, we will investigate how to extend, generalise, and transfer work in the area of view consistency in software engineering to systems engineering. The CRC will be formed around the methodological core of a so-called virtual single underlying meta-model that has been investigated by the applicants. We see a window of opportunity as mature meta-models in non-software domains now get standardised. This gives us the chance to research the extension of our software engineering approach to non-software views of CPS. We will concurrently work in three research areas: (A) we will formalise different kinds of consistency, according to the needs of the other research areas, and investigate their properties; (B) we will reflect these insights in the definition of fundamental mechanisms for consistency management such as defining view types and supporting concurrent changes; and (C) we will deliver objectives to the other research areas and validate their results by investigating the use of consistency management to address existing challenges in CPS design, such as handling dependencies between product generations, supporting evolution and testing of variable systems, or performing incremental homologation. Over the funding periods, we will transfer the methodology to non-software views, generalise it to maintain consistency of a larger number of views and to a second application area to understand domain-specific needs, and finally embed it in new agile methods for the development and evolution of highly configurable, yet dependable, CPS with fast update cycles. These methods will support engineers in designing CPS that obviate the aforementioned trade-offs between configurability, functionality, dependability, and cost-effectiveness.