Heterogeneous impacts of climate policy on regional and gendered labor market outcomes in Europe

气候政策对社会经济结果的影响在学术界和政界都得到了广泛的讨论。经济转型需要与各种社会经济目标保持平衡。例如，欧盟委员会在其欧洲绿色协议中明确指出，经济转型必须遵循“公正和包容性”的过渡。关于环境政策对就业影响的文献往往发现气候政策的总体影响很小，但在各个方面沿着高度异质性。目前很少分析气候政策的区域和性别异质性。然而，相关文献从理论和实证两方面表明，劳动力市场对气候政策的反应在这些方面可能是异质的。异质性的产生可能是由于不同的气候政策冲击以及不同的适应。该研究项目的目的是在欧洲地区广泛的样本中实证探索这些影响，以确定气候政策影响中这些异质性的存在，方向和程度。区域层面允许集中在一般均衡的影响，以确定区域异质性的影响，并规避潜在的自由度的问题。该项目旨在从经验上对以下问题作出贡献：气候政策对男女就业的影响是什么？是否存在区域异质性，是哪些因素造成的？ 部门和地域重新分配发挥何种作用？对不同的劳动力市场指标是否有不同的影响？

The effects of climate policies on socioeconomic outcomes are intensively discussed both in academia and politics. Transformation of the economy needs to be balanced with various socio-economic goals. For example, the European Commission explicitly addresses in its European Green Deal that the transformation of the economy has to follow a ‘just and inclusive’ transition. The literature on the employment effects of environmental policies tends to find aggregated effects of climate policy to be small , yet highly heterogeneous along various dimensions. Both regional and gendered heterogeneity in response to climate policy are currently rarely analyzed. Related literature, however, indicates both theoretically and empirically that labor market outcomes in response to climate policies might be heterogeneous in these dimensions. Heterogeneity may arisue both due to distinct exposure to climate policy shocks as well as distinct adaptation. The research project aims to empirically explore these effects for a broad sample of European regions, in order to identify the existence, direction and magnitude of these heterogeneities in climate policy effects. The regional dimension allows to focus on general equilibrium impacts, to identify regionally heterogeneous effects, and to circumvent potential degrees-of-freedom problems. The project aims to contribute to the following questions empirically: What are the effects of climate policy on male and female employment? Do regional heterogeneities exist and which factors cause them? Which role does sectoral and geographical reallocation play? Are there distinct effects on different labor market indicators?