Biodiversity Exploratories as Biocultural Landscapes: Past, Present and Future

生物文化多样性是指地球上生命的生物和文化多样性。在农业景观中，生物文化多样性明显体现在人类塑造景观的方式以及景观如何塑造人类文化上。在我们提议的项目中，我们打算分析德国北部、中部和西南部三个地区的生物多样性探索景观的生物文化多样性。这些地区有着人类与自然接触的悠久历史。通过使用将人类感知与自然和土地利用联系在一起的社会生态研究方法，并根据生物多样性探索的结构调整我们的方法，我们寻求建立这些地区过去、现在和未来生物文化多样性的全面图景。首先，我们将通过口述历史分析当地居民的历史景观视角，以确定与每个地区独特的自然遗产有关的地方生态知识，并确定与景观有关的地区语言多样性。我们将采访每个地区的年长居民，并鼓励他们谈论他们对风景的经历和记忆。我们将对任何与风景截然不同的单词或短语进行分类，并比较三个地区的差异。其次，使用光启发方法，我们将调查当地居民如何在生物多样性探索区域的森林和草原的土地利用强度梯度上感知生态系统服务。我们还将询问人们如何使用这些不同类型的景观，以及他们的景观偏好是什么。通过这种方式，我们可以理解人们在当前景观中的生物文化体验。第三，我们将与三个地区的年轻人一起系统地探索生物多样性的未来情景。重要的是要了解年轻人的观点，因为他们构成了这些生物文化景观的未来社区。在每个区域，我们将与16-24岁的参与者一起举办研讨会，在这些研讨会上，我们将制定与区域生物多样性有关的未来情景，包括生物多样性趋势的驱动因素，以及未来与自然接触的推动因素和障碍。这些情景将在三个地区之间进行比较。第四，我们将通过专家研讨会的方式综合欧洲农业景观中与生物文化多样性有关的趋势。基于来自上述三个研究包的证据，以及来自欧洲各地生物文化多样性和高自然价值农业的专家的案例研究，我们将讨论生物文化透镜如何有助于保护欧洲农业景观中的生物和文化遗产。这将是一个加强科学网络的机会，并展示生物多样性探索实验室如何允许在欧洲中心进行丰富的生物文化调查。

Biocultural diversity refers to the biological and cultural diversity of life on earth. In farming landscapes, biocultural diversity is evident in the ways that humans have shaped the landscape, and how the landscape has shaped human culture. In our proposed project, we intend to analyse the biocultural diversity of the Biodiversity Exploratories landscapes; three regions covering north, central and south-west Germany. These regions have long histories of human engagement with nature. By employing social-ecological research methods that tie human perception to nature and land-use, and tailoring our approach to the structure of the Biodiversity Exploratories, we seek to build a comprehensive picture of past, present and future biocultural diversity across these regions. First, we will analyse the historical landscape perspectives of local residents through oral histories, in order to identify local-ecological knowledge relating to the unique natural heritage of each region, and to identify regional linguistic diversity in relation to landscape. We will interview older residents of each region and encourage them to talk about their experiences and memories of the landscape. We will catalogue any words or phrases that are distinct to landscape and compare the differences across the three regions. Second, using the photo-elicitation method, we will investigate how local residents perceive ecosystem services across a gradient of land-use intensity for forests and grasslands of the Biodiversity Exploratories regions. We will also ask how people use these different types of landscape and what their landscape preferences are. In this way, we can understand people’s ‘lived’ biocultural experiences in the present landscape. Third, we will systematically explore future scenarios for biodiversity with young people in the three regions. It is important to understand young people’s perspectives given that they make up the future communities of these biocultural landscapes. In each region we will conduct workshops with participants aged 16-24, where we will develop future scenarios related to regional biodiversity, including the drivers of biodiversity trends, as well as the enablers and barriers to future engagement with nature. These scenarios will be compared among the three regions. Fourth, we will synthesize trends related to biocultural diversity in European farming landscapes by means of an expert workshop. Based on the evidence derived from the above three study packages, as well as case studies from experts on both biocultural diversity and high-nature-value farming across Europe, we will address how a biocultural lens can help safeguard biological and cultural heritage in European farming landscapes. This will be an opportunity to strengthen scientific networks and present how the Biodiversity Exploratories allows for rich biocultural investigation at the centre of Europe.