Black Hole catalyzed Vacuum Decay in the Standard Model

目前所有的实验数据都暗示希格斯场在目前的配置中并不稳定。这就允许了它衰变的可能性，由于希格斯粒子对于粒子物理学基础的核心重要性，这将对整个宇宙产生严重的后果。我们将研究这个过程是通过蒸发黑洞的霍金辐射催化的可能性。我们的核心结果将是黑洞在其寿命内导致希格斯场衰变的概率。除非我们发现这个概率比1小许多个数量级，否则会有两个可能的结论。到目前为止，要么只有足够少的黑洞蒸发了，要么是所有现有加速器都无法达到的未知物理稳定了希格斯场。 这些可能性中的每一个都将对物理学的受影响领域产生深远的影响。寿命短到现在已经蒸发的黑洞是许多宇宙学模型的副产品，而且还为许多不同的观测提供了有吸引力的解释。与此同时，希格斯场的稳定化通常与当前粒子物理学的标准模型嵌入更基本结构的情况有关。这些涵盖了从第二个希格斯玻色子的存在到新的相互作用和超对称性等重要思想的一切。 特别是最后这一联系，在黑洞观测的迅速进展中具有特殊的意义。如果能够直接观测到具有符合我们目的的性质的黑洞，那么通过我们的结果，它们的数量可以被理解为对粒子物理学重要方面的直接暗示，这些方面远远超出了所有现实加速器的范围。

All current experimental data hints at the Higgs field not being stable in its current configuration. This allows for the possibility of its decay, which, due to the Higgs' central importance for the very foundations of particle physics, would have severe consequences for the Universe in its entirety. We will investigate the possibility that this process is catalyzed through the Hawking radiation of evaporating black holes. Our central result will be the probability that a black hole causes the decay of the Higgs field within its lifetime. Unless we find that this probability is smaller than one by many orders of magnitude, there would be two possible conclusions. Either only a sufficiently small number of black holes has evaporated so far, or yet unknown physics beyond the reach of all existing accelerators stabilizes the Higgs field. Each of these possibilities would have far reaching consequences for the affected areas of physics. Black holes with sufficiently short lifetimes to have evaporated by now are a side product of many cosmological models, und furthermore offer an attractive explanation for numerous different observations. A stabilization of the Higgs field is, meanwhile, typically connected with scenarios in which the current Standard Modell of particle physics is embedded into more fundamental structures. These cover everything from the existence of a second Higgs-Boson until new interactions and ideas as consequential as supersymmetry. Especially this last connection is of special significance in the light of rapid progress concerning the observation of black holes. If black holes with properties suited for our purpose were to be directly observed, their population could through our result be understood as a direct hint towards important aspects of particle physics far beyond the reach of all realistic accelerators.