Functional asymmetry in postural control: Influencing factors, effects of and adaptations to training

由于在执行特定的平衡要求任务（例如在足球中）期间一个肢体的广泛使用而导致的姿势控制中的功能不对称（例如，与踢腿相比，站立腿的上级平衡性能）与性能和损伤相关结果呈负相关。以往的研究，调查功能不对称的姿势控制显示方法的局限性，对调查的参与者和平衡任务的特点。这使得它很难得到的调节变量的影响声明功能不对称的姿势控制。因此，本提案的第一个目标是对个人（即，运动类型/运动专业水平），任务相关（即，平衡任务特异性的水平），和环境因素（即，平衡任务难度的水平）通过生物力学分析（测力板）影响姿势控制中的功能不对称。上述功能不对称对性能和健康相关变量的负面影响表明需要进行干预研究以减少不对称。然而，单一模式的单侧平衡训练（BT）与组合BT和平衡测量训练对姿势控制功能不对称的影响和适应过程知之甚少。因此，我们的第二个目标是确定之前提到的训练计划对平衡和运动表现的影响，以及使用肌电图的伴随适应过程。

Functional asymmetry in postural control due to the extensive use of one limb over the other during the execution of specific balance-demanding tasks as for example in soccer (e.g., superior balance performance of the standing leg compared to the kicking leg) are negatively associated with performance- and injury-related outcomes. Previous studies that investigated functional asymmetry in postural control revealed methodological limitations regarding the investigated participants and balance task characteristics. This makes it difficult to derive statements on the influence of moderating variables on functional asymmetry in postural control. Thus, the first objective of this proposal is a systematic analysis of individual (i.e., type of sport/level of sport expertise), task-related (i.e., level of balance task specificity), and environmental factors (i.e., level of balance task difficulty) affecting functional asymmetry in postural control by means of biomechanical analysis (force plate).The aforementioned negative effects of functional asymmetry on performance- and health-related variables indicate the need for intervention studies to reduce asymmetries. However, the effects and adaptive processes of a single-mode unilateral balance training (BT) versus combined BT and plyometric training on functional asymmetry in postural control are poorly understood. Thus, our second objective is to determine the impact of the training programs mentioned before on measures of balance and athletic performance as well as the accompanied adaptive process using electromyography.