Coordination Funds

为了履行其社会角色，科学必须享有一定程度的信任，作为关于世界的可信和可靠知识的权威来源，同时值得这种认识上的信任——这两个目标之间经常存在一些紧张关系。当有争议的问题受到威胁时，对科学的信任就会下降，公共常识往往会崩溃。理解科学如何能够继续作为共享知识的来源——它不仅享有信任，而且值得信任——是我们今天面临的最紧迫的挑战之一。苏格拉底高级研究中心旨在通过调查隐含的和经常未经分析的哲学前提来解决这一挑战，这些前提隐藏在不同的态度和实践中，对科学和科学可信度的信任至关重要。通过为跨学科哲学家之间的互动提供一个论坛，以及为哲学家、社会学家、传播和媒体研究人员以及其他社会科学家之间的话语跨学科参与提供一个论坛，苏格拉底的目标是对科学可信度和科学信任进行全面和连贯的哲学处理。期望的结果包括对不同过程的详细和细致的描述，通过这些过程，高度专业化的科学专业知识可以被证明或挑战和破坏，以及对科学可信度的描述，包括科学如何提高其可信度或可信度以及信任和可信度如何能够很好地相互校准的特定情境策略。为此，中心关注以下问题：(i)信任、可信赖性和社会价值；共识、争议和不确定性管理；（三）可信度、信息的传播和科学的媒介化；（四）可信度和科学的全球化。在这两个资助期内，中心将把理论分析与对三个重点领域的科学可信度问题进行系统和持续的调查结合起来。第一个资助期将侧重于(1)气候科学和气候危机，(2)卫生科学方面的科学专业知识（特别是对冠状病毒大流行的专业知识和信任），以及(3)行为科学内部和行为科学的可信度。第二个资助期将致力于(4)人工智能和机器学习(5)新兴技术和(6)地球系统和复杂性科学。

To fulfill their societal role, the sciences must enjoy some level of trust as an authoritative source of credible and reliable knowledge about the world and at the same time be worthy of that epistemic trust—two goals between which there is often some tension. When controversial issues are at stake, trust in science decreases and common public knowledge often breaks down. Understanding how science can continue to serve as a source of shared knowledge, which not only enjoys trust but also merits it, is one of the most pressing challenges we are facing today. The Center for Advanced Studies SOCRATES aims to address this challenge by investigating the implicit and frequently unanalyzed philosophical presuppositions underlying different attitudes and practices that are significant for trust in science and scientific credibility. By providing a forum for interactions among philosophers across subdisciplines as well as a forum for discursive interdisciplinary engagement among philosophers, sociologists, researchers in communications and media studies, and other social scientists, SOCRATES aims to work toward a comprehensive and coherent philosophical treatment of scientific credibility and trust in science. Desired outcomes include detailed and nuanced characterizations of the different processes by which highly specialized scientific expertise can be credentialed or challenged and undermined, as well as an account of scientific trustworthiness that includes context-specific strategies for how science can improve its credibility or trustworthiness and how trust and trustworthiness can be well-calibrated to one another. To achieve this, the center focuses on the following issues of concern: (i) Trust, trustworthiness, and social values; (ii) Consensus, controversy, and uncertainty-management; (iii) Trustworthiness, the spread of information, and the mediatization of science and (iv) Trustworthiness and the globalization of science. In each of the two funding periods, the Centre will combine theoretical analysis with a systematic and sustained investigation of the problem of scientific credibility in three focal areas. The first funding period will focus on (1) climate science and the climate crisis, (2) scientific expertise in the health sciences (focusing in particular on expertise and trust in the corona pandemic), and (3) credibility within and of the behavioral sciences. The second funding period will be devoted to (4) artificial intelligence and machine learning (5) emerging technologies and (6) Earth system and complexity sciences.