Gravity-MONitoring for Alpine Research Catchment Hydrology

更广泛的研究背景：雪水当量是一个基本的气候变量，对居住在山区集水区及其下游的数十亿人的水循环和福祉至关重要。估计积雪的数量和时空分布被认为是目前高山水文学中最重要的挑战之一。此外，测量或估计其他高山蓄水成分，如岩溶水库，以及检查降水、蒸散、蓄水量、内部通量和流量之间的关系是极其困难的。创新：德国祖格斯皮策地球动力学观测站(ZUGOG)在全球独一无二地安装了超导重力仪，安装在祖格斯皮策山一个仪器齐全、积雪覆盖的高高山集水区的顶部，作为一种新型的水文传感器系统，用于直接、完整和非侵入性地观测蓄水变化的重力效应。由于其地质条件，集水区本身可以被视为一个天然的蒸渗仪，允许进行详细的质量平衡研究。目标：我们将使用这一独特的仪器装置来综合详细的基于物理和空间分布的积雪监测和建模以及不同复杂程度的岩溶水文模型。要解决的总体研究问题是，雪-水文-重力方法能在多大程度上有助于更好地了解和量化可转移到世界其他区域的高高山地区的水文过程、状态和通量。方法：将讨论的重要步骤是：i)为模型建立、校准和验证方面的初始条件和边界条件提供雪水文气象观测；ii)改进重力仪模型，加强试验场内的进一步重力观测，为模型的调节提供综合质量变化信息；iii)建立雪水文重力模型，以描述时空水文质量和重力信号的变化，包括纳入不确定性估计框架；iv)对高高山地区雪水文模型的附加重力信号的附加值进行全面综合。主要研究人员参与：这个高度跨学科的项目的成功实施需要拟议的合作星座，其中包括高山水文监测和建模方面的专门知识，包括对维也纳BOKU模型参数的不确定性估计，柏林工业大学和波茨坦技术大学的专业知识，以得出对水圈微小变化敏感的重力信号，以及奥格斯堡大学对水文-气象传感器网络的长期当地水文(地球)专家知识和监督。

Wider research context: Snow water equivalent is an essential climate variable and has vital importance on the water cycle and the wellbeing of billions of people living in and downstream of mountain catchments. Estimating the amount and the spatiotemporal distribution of snow is currently considered as one of the most important challenges in alpine hydrology. Besides, it is extremely difficult to measure or estimate other alpine water storage components, e.g. karst reservoirs, and to examine the relationship between precipitation, evapotranspiration, storages, internal fluxes and discharge. Innovation: The Zugspitze Geodynamic Observatory Germany (ZUGOG) with its worldwide unique installation of a superconducting gravimeter at Mount Zugspitze on top of a well-instrumented, snow dominated high-alpine catchment is used as a novel hydrological sensor system for the direct, integral and non-invasive observation of the gravity effect of water storage variations. Due to its geological situation, the catchment itself can be regarded as a natural lysimeter allowing for detailed mass balance studies. Objectives: We will use this unique instrumental setup in synthesis with detailed physically-based and spatially distributed snowpack monitoring and modelling and karst- hydrological modelling of different complexity. The overall research question to be addressed is, to what extent the snow-hydro-gravimetric approach can contribute to a better understanding and quantification of hydrological processes, states and fluxes in high-alpine areas that can be transferred to other regions worldwide. Approach: Important steps that will be addressed are i) the provision of snow-hydro-meteorological observations for initial and boundary conditions regarding model setup, calibration and validation; ii) the improvement of the gravimeter modelling and enhancement of further gravimetric observations within the test site providing integral mass change information for conditioning the model; iii) the development of snow-hydro-gravimetric model setups to describe the spatiotemporal hydrological mass and gravimetric signal changes, including the embedding into an uncertainty estimation framework; and iv) reaching an overall synthesis on the additional value of the gravimetric signal for snow-hydrological modelling in high-alpine sites. Primary researchers involved: A successful implementation of this highly interdisciplinary project requires the proposed collaborative constellation encompassing the expertise on alpine hydrological monitoring and modelling including uncertainty estimation of model parameters of BOKU Vienna and the expertise from Technische Universität Berlin and GFZ Potsdam to derive gravimetric signals sensitive to small changes in the hydrosphere as well as the long-term local hydro(geo)logical expert knowledge and supervision of the hydro-meteo sensor network by the University of Augsburg.