Genetic diversity and in situ conservation of wild soybeans

本研究旨在对野生大豆（Glycine soja）自然居群的遗传结构和多样性进行分析，为野生大豆的就地保护提供基础资料。所得结果总结如下：1）。58个人口，这是收集在三个地理上不同的地区，远东俄罗斯，分析了16个同工酶位点的变化。该种分布区北方界的种群表现出有限的遗传变异，而城市内、乌苏里河上游和海参崴地区的种群则表现出较高的遗传变异。遗传多样性程度与种群大小和密度没有必然的联系。在中国，分布在南界和分布区中心的种群的生境生态特征进行了研究。在南部界限，种群的保护下，除草和放牧的家畜和自然栖息地的恢复之间的干扰程度的平衡。放牧似乎为野生大豆提供了安全的栖息地。对于经常受到干扰的植物物种（如野生大豆）的种群的保护和管理，一定程度的干扰可能是必要的。需要进一步研究，以评估遗传结构和多样性受干扰影响的动态变化。这些信息可能有助于构建野生大豆的原位保护策略。

This study was conducted to evaluate the genetic structure and diversity of natural populations of wild soybean, Glycine soja, and to obtain basic information on in situ conservation of the species. The results obtained were summarized as follows.1). Fifty-eight populations, which were collected in three geographically separate regions of Far-east Russia, were analyzed for the variation at 16 isozyme loci. The populations in the northern limit of distribution area of this species showed a limited genetic variability, whereas those inside cities and those in the upper region of the Usury River and the Vladivostok region had relatively high variability. The degree of genetic diversity was not necessarily associated with the size of populations and plant density.2). In China, populations that were located in the southern limit and the center of the distribution area were examined for ecological features of habitats. In the southern limit, populations were conserved under a balance between the degree of disturbance by weeding and grazing by domestic animals and restoration of natural habitat. The grazing seemed to have provided safe sites for wild soybeans.3). Some degree of disturbances may be of necessity to conserve and manage populations of plant species which are frequently subject to disturbance such as wild soybeans. A further study is needed to evaluate a dynamics of change in genetic structure and diversity that are affected by disturbances. Such information may be helpful to construct a strategy of in situ conservation for wild soybeans.