Development of a method for ecological study with using a balloon remote sensing system

许多监测全球环境变化的研究任务已经开展。在热带雨林地区或沙漠地区的研究中，对卫星遥感图像或实地测量的环境资料进行了分析。虽然研究非常激烈，但卫星遥感等宏观数据和地面观测等微观数据并没有进行相应的分析。因此，我们的研究目的是将遥感图像等二维信息与地面测量的气象、生态等一维信息相结合。在这项研究中，我们从低纬度开发了一个安装在电缆气球上的遥感系统。我们的主要结果如下。1)研制安装在气球上的光谱仪系统，用于估算植物特性和规划冠层生理。该光谱仪具有以下特点和性能。-光谱范围：500nm ~ 1000nm -光谱分辨率：1 ~ 2nm-视场：17度-系统总尺寸：20cm X 20cm X 30cm使用该系统测量了几种植物物种的植物冠层光谱反射率。研究了植物冠层反射率与冠层结构之间的关系。从离最低点方向测得的反射率数据比从最低点观测得到的反射率数据对植物群落类型的分类更有效。2)发展估算热带雨林生物量的计算算法我们开发了一种估算生物量的计算算法，利用安装在飞越热带森林上空的气球上的相机拍摄的立体照片。在平均高度为24m的森林中，我们可以在2m ~ 2.5m的残差范围内估计树木的高度和生物量。

Many research missions to monitor the global environmental change have been carried out. Satellite remote sensing images or field environmental datum measured on the ground have been analyzed for studies on the tropical rain forest area or on the deserts.Although they are very intense researches, the macroscopic data like satellite remote sensing data and the microscopic data collected by ground observations have not been correspondingly analyzed. So, our purposes of this research are to combine those two-dimensional information like remote sensing image and one-dimensional information like the meteorological and ecological data measured on the ground.In this research, we developed a remote sensing system mounted on a cabled balloon from low latitude. Our main results are as follows.1) Development of the spectrometer system to mount on the balloon for estimation of characteristics of plant and plan canopy physiology :This spectrometer has the following characteristics and performance.-Spectral Range : 500nm to 1000 nm-Spectral resolution : 1 to 2nm-FOV : l7degree-Total system dimension : 20cm X 20cm X 30cmUsing this system, the spectral reflectance of plant canopies for several plant species were measured. The relationship between those reflectance data from plant canopies and their canopy structures were studied. The reflectance data measured from the off nadir direction are more efficient than those from the nadir observation to classify the types of plant communities.2) Development of the computing algorithms to estimate biomass in tropical rain forestWe developed a computing algorithm to estimate the amount of biomass, using the stereo photographs taken with the camera mounted on the balloon flown over the tropical forest. We could estimate the height of trees and the amount of biomass of the forest which has 24m in height in average within the residual error of 2m to 2.5m.