Studies on Analysis of Relationship between Permeation Separation and Membrane Structure for Organic Liquid Mixtures through Polymer Membranes

从膜的化学和物理结构角度研究了苯/环己烷混合物在高分子膜中的渗透汽化分离特性，并对渗透分离机理进行了探讨.含介晶基团的聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）液晶高分子膜和金属离子交联的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸共聚物膜均表现出苯选择性渗透.这种选择透过性与膜的化学和物理结构显著相关。因为由于进料混合物引起的膜溶胀的抑制显著提高了选择透过性，所以将壳聚糖和纤维素苯甲酰化。这些苯甲酰化壳聚糖和纤维素膜具有很高的苯选择透过性。从亲水性聚合物的化学改性和膜物理结构的构建两个方面研究了膜结构因素对醇水溶液选择透过性的影响。季铵化壳聚糖膜的亲水性和交联度达到最佳，具有较高的水选择透过性。用PDMS-g-聚氟丙烯酸酯表面改性的聚[1-（三甲基硅基）-1-丙炔]膜对乙醇水溶液表现出高的乙醇选择透过性，由DMS大分子单体和甲基丙烯酸烷基酯制备的接枝共聚物膜对稀VOS水溶液表现出高的挥发性有机化合物（VOC）选择透过性。这种选择透过性受接枝共聚物组成的影响很大，而且与接枝共聚物膜的微相分离结构形态密切相关。

Characteristics of permeation and separation for benzene/cyclohexane mixtures in pervaporation through polymer membranes were studied from the viewpoint of chemical and physical structure of the membranes, and mechanism of permeation and separation is also discussed.Liquid crystalline polymer membranes from poly(dimethyl siloxane)(PDMS) with mesogen group and methylmethacrylate-methacrylic acid copolymer membranes cross-linked with metal ions showed benzene-permselectivity. This permselectivity is significantly related to the chemical and physical structure of the membranes. Because depression of swelling of the membrane due to feed mixtures is remarkably improved permselectivity, chitosan and cellulose were benzoylated. These benzoylated chitosan and cellulose membranes were very high benzene-permselective. It made that hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the membrane was very important clear.Effect of factor of the membrane structure on the permselectivity for aqueous alcohol solutions was investigated from the viewpoints of chemical modification of hydrophilic polymers and construction of physical structure of the membrane. Optimum in degrees of hydrophilicity and cross-link of quaternized chitosan membranes gave high water-permselective. Poly [1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne] membranes surface-modified with a PDMS-g-poly(fluoroacrylate) showed high ethanol-permselectivity for aqueous ethanol solutions.Graft copolymer membranes prepared from DMS macromonomer and alkylmethacrylates showed high volatile organic compound(VOC)-permselectivity for an aqueous dilute VOS solution. This permselectivity was significantly influenced by composition of graft copolymer, and furthermore was deeply related to morphology in microphase separated structure of the graft copolymer membranes.