Sprinting and jumping ability demanded in ball sport oriented exercise

本研究的目的是阐明球类运动训练对短跑和跳跃能力的要求，采用与球类运动非常相似的各种短跑和变向方案来评估短跑能力。以参加各种运动俱乐部的男女初中生为被试，研究结果表明：短跑能力受离心力的影响，其发展与直线短跑能力密切相关。这表明，在初中生的短跑能力并没有增加，没有专门的训练。跳跃能力进行了评估，使用各种跳跃协议，旨在要求跳跃的准确性和速度。协议包括两个5连续跳跃协议在一个设定的高度和一个随机的高度跳跃协议。研究对象为大学排球和篮球运动员以及田径短跑和跳高运动员。结果表明，在5连跳中，触地前的准备动作中，膝关节的弯曲是导致触地时间短的一个技术因素。在落地前根据起跳高度预测和调整膝关节角度，以减少每次起跳的腾空时间。这表明，在以跳跃高度和时机为主要影响因素的个人项目中，影响跳跃能力的因素与以跳跃高度为主要影响因素的集体项目和团体项目中不同，这一结果可作为球类运动员选材和体能训练方法的依据。

The purpose of this study was to clarify sprinting arid jumping ability demanded in ball sport oriented exercise.Sprinting ability was assessed using various sprinting with change of direction protocols very similar to those found in ball 'sports. Subjects were male and female junior high school students who were members of various sports clubs, The results showed that the sprinting was affected by eccentric power and its development was closely related to sprinting ability in a straight direction. This indicates that in junIor high school students the sprinting ability does not increase without specific training.Jumping ability was assessed using various jumping protocols designed to demand jump accuracy and speed. Protocols consisted of two 5-continuous jumping protocols at a set height and one random height jumping protocol. Subjects were university volleyball and basketball players as well as track and field sprinters and jumpers. The results showed that as a skill factor contributing to a short contact time in 5-continuous jumping it is important to bend the knees in preparation before contact wIth the ground. Also, it is Important to predict and adjust knee angle before landing according to jumping height in order to decrease air time of each jump. This indicates that factors affecting jumping ability in partnered and group oriented exercises in which jumping height and timing need to be adjusted to the situation at hand differ from those of Individual sports in which jumpIng height is of primary importance.The results of the present study could be used as a basis for the establishment of a talent identification and physical training method for ball sports athletes.