Studies of the Heliosphere based on Cosmic Ray Observations

日球体是由太阳发出的太阳风占据的一个巨大的磁性空间，从行星环境的角度来看，日球体不仅是现代科学中一个有趣的物体，而且也是重要的生物之一。在本研究项目中，为了更好地了解日光层的现状和演化，进行了以下研究：(1)太阳上的高能粒子事件及其在行星际空间的传播，例如与太阳耀斑有关的X射线或太阳中子事件。这项研究在粒子加速机制等方面提供了有趣的信息。(2)太阳风和行星际磁场。对太阳风和磁场三维结构的研究，给出了新的观测事实，并指出了所谓的帕克场与所谓的帕克场的矛盾之处，如用太空仪器观测到的行星际微波闪烁，用空间飞行器观测到的太阳风，以及用地下或地面望远镜观测到的宇宙线各向异性。(3)日光层与邻近银河系空间的分界线。对空间中扩散的X射线、红外线辐射和亚毫米波的观测正在发现证实日球层周围存在热泡的证据，而对宇宙射线空气簇射的观测也发现邻近空间的磁结构与平均星系臂场有很大偏离。(4)陨石、宇宙尘埃和月球物质的化学物质。对这些物质的分析为追踪太阳系的演化提供了不可或缺的信息。(5)观测技术的发展。

The helioshere is a huge magnetic space occupied by solar wind outflowing from the sun, and the sphere is not only an interesting object in modern science but also one of the important beings from the viewpoint of the planetary environment. In the present research project, the following studies have been made for the more understanding of the present circumstances as well as the evolution of the heliosphere : (1) High energy particle events on the sun and their propagation in the interplanetary space, for instance, X-ray or solar neutron events associated with solar flares. This study has given interesting information on the mechanism of particle acceleration etc. (2) Solar wind and the interplanetary magnetic field. The studies of the three-dimensional structure of solar wind and the magnetic field have given new observational facts and pointed out some contradiction to the so-called Parker's field with the observations of interplanetary scintillations of micro-waves, solar wind by space-craft apparatus and cosmic ray anisotropy by underground or ground muon telescopes. (3) The boundary of the heliosphere and the neighboring Galactic space. The observations of X-rays, infra-red radiations and sub-milimeter waves diffused in the space are finding the evidences confirming the existence of a hot bubble surrounding the heliosphere, and the observations of cosmic ray air showers also are finding a magnetic structure of the neighboring space much deviated from the average galactic arm field. (4) The chemical substances of meteorites, cosmic dusts and lunar materials. The analyses of these materials are giving information indispensable to trace the evolution of the solar system. (5) Development of observation technique.