THE GENEALOGY OF JUSTICE IN THE WESTERN THOUGHT AND ITS CONTEMPORARY DEVELOPMENT

西方的正义传统以及其他观念都起源于古希腊和希伯来人。希腊的正义观在于人与人之间的关系，而希伯来的正义观在于人与神之间的关系。今天，对我们来说，正义的概念是模棱两可和复杂的。但是，当我们从历史上追溯到这两个起源时，我们可以将这种复杂性分解为几个以成对概念为特征的元素；正义作为个体道德和社会制度的规范性原则，正义作为和谐统一与平等或公平，正义作为理想和意识形态等。要建立当代的正义观，就必须对所有这些要素分别加以审视，考察它们的优点和局限性，最后试图将这些要素综合成一个新的正义观。正义的概念确实是自相矛盾的。因为它加剧了目前的冲突，而它应该从根本上化解它们。但是，激烈的冲突是我们发现正义的真正理念的阶段。如果没有人谈论这件事，也许正义就会实现。

WESTERN TRADITION OF JUSTICE AS WELL AS OF OTHER IDEAS SPRINGS FROM ANCEIENT GREEKS AND HEBREWS. GREEK IDEA OF JUSTICE CONSITSTS IN THE RELATION BETWEEN MAN AND MAN, WHILE HEBRAIC ONE IN THAT BETWEEN MAN AND GOD. TODAY, FOR US, THE IDEA OF JUSTICE IS EQUIVOCAL AND COMPLEX. BUT WHEN WE TRACE IT HISTORICALLY BACK TO THESE TWO ORIGINS, WE CAN DISSOLVE THIS COMPLEXITY INTO SEVERAL ELEMENTS CHARACTERIZED BY PAIRS OF CONCEPTS; JUSTICE AS INDIVIDUAL MORALITY AND NORMATIVE PRINCIPLE OF THE SOCIAL INSTITUTION, JUSTICE AS HARMONIOUS UNITY AND EQUALITY OR FAIRNESS, JUSTICE AS IDEAL AND IDEOLOGY, ETC. IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH THE CONTEMPORARY IDEA OF JUSTICE, WE MUST TAKE UP ALL THESE ELEMENTS SEPARATELY AND INVESTIGATE THEIR MERITS AND LIMITATIONS, AND FINALLY TRY TO SYNTESIZE THESE ELEMENTS INTO A NEW IDEA. THE IDEA OF JUSTICE IS INDEED PARADOXICAL. BECAUE IT INTENSIFIES PRESENT CONFLICTS, WHILE IT SHOULD DISSOLVE THEM FUNDAMENTALLY. BUT INTENSIFIED CONFLICTS ARE SATAGES THROUGH WHICH WE DISCOVER THE TRUE IDEA OF JUSTICE. PERHAPS JUSTICE WOULD BE REALIZED, IF NOBODY WERE TO TALK ABOUT IT.