Research on "Public-Private" Function Allotment in New Community

近年来，随着我国社会的日益城市化、信息化和老龄化，一方面，各个社会系统的规模不断扩大，官僚制在系统的各个层面都得到了发展，另一方面，人们强烈要求个人的自主权和生活的私有化。通过对相关文献和实地调研的分析，明确了在这种复杂的形势下，公共与私人职能的分配问题正成为一个关键问题。具体而言，本文系统地考察了社区生活问题管理中公私职能分配的各个方面问题，选取了几个典型城市，以乡镇为研究地点，分析（1）地方政府的社区政策与民众生活的实际需求，（2）双方的差异与冲突发生的机制，（3）社区协会与领袖的角色，（4）民众的“公私”观念意识：针对新社区的形成，我们以福利和医疗方面的公私功能分配问题为中心，深入研究了萨古奇村和佐久区的初级保健活动。我们在鹤冈市实施了社区领导者公私观念的邮寄调查，研究表明，公私职能分配方式取决于社区内所揭示的生活问题的差异，人们的公私观念意识因社区的情况而存在很大差异，但他们具有基本的共同模式。理想的社区模式是什么，社会中的公私功能应该如何分配，是我们当前需要研究的重要课题。

As recent years our society has been increasingly urbanizied,computerized and getting high ratio of aged people, on the one hand every social system has been expanding bigger and bigger and the bureaucracy has developed at every level of the system, on the other hand people want strongly to get the autonomy of the individual and the privatization of the life. It has been definitely shown by the analysis of the related litelature and field researches that under such complex situations an issue of how to allot public and private function is becoming one of critical problems.Specifically, we inverstigated systematicaly various aspects of problems on public-private function allotment at the management of issues of community life, to choose several typical cities,towns and villages as sites of research and to analyze (1) community policy of local government and people's actual needs in their lives, (2) differences of the both sides and a mechanism of occurence of conflict of the both sides, (3) roles of community associations and leaders, (4) people's consciousness of idea of "public-private".In relation to the formation of new community, we focused on the problem of public-private function allotment at welfare and medical care to make research intensively primary care activities at Sawauchi village and Saku district. We carried out postal survey on idea of public-private of community leaders at Tsuruoka city.Our study showed the way of public-private function allotment depends on differences of revealed life issues in the community and the people's consciousness of publi-private idea is very variable by the situations of community, buy they have basic common pattern of the odea. What ideal models of community is and howpublic-private function allotment should be in our society are impoetant topics that we should inverstigate now.