Functional Design of Concrete Structures

除了通常的混凝土结构强度设计外，功能设计也是近年来迫切需要的，除了强度函数外，混凝土的各种功能都是定量评估的，并在结构设计中考虑在内。这项研究的目的是发展混凝土结构的功能设计，特别是机械功能。主要结论如下：1.在钢筋混凝土梁和预应力混凝土梁的韧性设计中，韧性指标应由梁的截面性质、材料性质和作用在梁上的法向力的函数确定。研制了高抗裂、高强度、高韧性的混凝土梁。在混凝土的耐磨设计方面，对不同强度、不同韧性的混凝土，即不同钢纤维掺量的混凝土，进行了转盘磨损试验和钢球坠落冲击磨损试验。…强度和纤维含量对耐磨性的更大影响在很大程度上取决于磨损试验的类型以及混凝土表面是干的还是湿的。在混凝土结构的抗冲击设计中，有限元技术对于分析钢筋混凝土板结构的冲击破坏行为是非常有用的。对混凝土墙体扶手的冲击破坏行为进行了试验研究。在混凝土结构的防腐设计中，主要研究了钢筋的氯离子腐蚀问题。从氧、水、氯离子在混凝土中的扩散性等角度考察了各种混凝土表面处理剂的效果。研究了高炉矿渣和飞灰对碱集料反应的抑制作用。在混凝土结构的抗疲劳设计中，通过测量混凝土构件振动特性的变化，得到了循环荷载作用下的损伤程度。较少

In addition to the usual strength design of concrete structures, functional design is strongly needed recently, where various functions of concrete other than strength function are quantitatively evaluated and are taken into account in the structural design. The object of this study is to develop the functional design, especially on the mechanical functions, of concrete structures. Principal conclusions derived are as follows;1. On the toughness design of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams, toughnss index should be appropriate, which is defined by the function of cross sectional and material properties of a beam and the normal force acting on the beam. Concrete beams with high cracking resistance and high strength and toughness were also developed.2. As to the abrasion resistant design of concrete, revolving disk abrasion tes and impact abrasion test by dropping steel balls were made on the concrete of various strength and various toughness, i.e. various amount of steel fibers. … More Effectiveness of strength and fiber content on abrasion resistance was found to be largely dependent on the type of abrasion test and on whether the surface of concrete was dry or wet.3. On the impact resitant design of concrete structures, lavered finite element technique is found to be very useful for analizing the impact failure behavior of reinforced concrete slab structures. Impact failure behavior of concrete wall handrails were also investigated experimentally.4. On the corrosion inhibiting design of cocrete structures, chloride corrosion of reinforcement was mainly studied. The efficiency of various surface treatment agents of concrete was examined from stand points of the diffusibility of oxygen, water, chloride ion etc. within concrete. Reduction of alkali aggregate reactions by blastfurnace slag and flyash was also examined.5. On the fatigue resistant design of concrete structures, the degree of damage caused by cyclic loading was obtained by measuring the changes in vibration characteristics of concrete members. Less