Groundwater Flow in Rock Mass at Deep Depth.

研究了深部地下水流动特征和岩体孔隙压力特征。结果表明：(1)对于渗透率大于10^<-9> cm/sec的完整岩石，三轴围合条件是极好的。由于小颗粒堵塞了岩石中的孔隙，流速通常随着时间的推移而降低。(2)孔隙压力降低了多孔岩石的强度。低孔隙度岩石在较大的强制孔隙压力下也会产生强度降低。(3)专为节理岩石设计的渗透性试验装置，可通过背压阀独立控制进、出口压力，并可通过电子天平-微机系统准确测量出流量。(4)失配节点的刚度和剪胀性较低，其渗透性优于匹配节点。这些节理的渗透率受围压和孔压的影响较大。在高压梯度下，沿节理的流动不遵循达西定律。(5)错配节理的渗透率模型必须考虑通过一个曲折多变的通道系统以及裂缝中的通道性质。

The characteristics of the groundwater flow and the pore pressure in rock masses at deep depth are studied. The obtained results are as follows:(1) The triaxial confining condition is excellent for the permeability test of intact rocks whose permiability is more than 10^<-9> cm/sec. The flow rate usually decreases with time, due to blocking the pores in the rocks with small grains.(2)The pore pressure reduces the strength of porous rocks. The strength reduction of rocks with low porosity is also caused under greatly forced pore pressure.(3) The permeability testing apparatus apecially designed for jointed rocks can control the inlet and outlet pressures independently by a back pressure valve and can measure the amount of outflow correctly by electlonic balance-micro computer system.(4) The mismatched joint which shows low stiffness and dilatancy is more permeable than the matched joint. The permeability of these joints is much influenced by the confining pressure and pore pressure. Under high pressure gradient, the flow along such joints does not follow the Darcy's law.(5) The permeability model of mismatched joint must be considered as the flow through a system of tortuous and variable channels and the channel nature in fractures.