Fundamental Study for Controlling Food Intake in Chickens

为了发展鸡的采食量、生长和生产控制技术，有必要探索其控制机制，特别是中央集成系统。用微丝慢性埋植技术，观察了公鸡和母鸡下丘脑外侧区即摄食中枢的单个神经元活动(单位)。在公鸡中，至少发现两种类型的单位：在进食时，类型(E型)被强直地激活，而类型(I型)被相反地失活。此外，在E型单位中，一些阶段的激活与一轮比赛的开始或结束、一系列的啄食或开始的Apeck一致。这表明，来自喙、食道或眼睛的感觉信息应该激活这种类型的神经元。为了加速摄食行为，加强这些信息…可能是有效的更多的S。其他生理信息可能激活这种神经元，例如饥饿或饱足物质，我们证明存在于禁食鸡的血液中。记录到的I型神经元单位和E型神经元单位较多，表明这些不同类型的神经元是相邻分布的。在雌性鸡中，只有E型单位被观察到，这种单位不仅在进食过程中被时相激活，而且在进食行为时也被时相激活。我们的行为学研究表明，母鸡的大部分活动时间都花在啄食或抓地上，也就是说，进食与调查动作交织在一起。这支持了女性中一种类型的神经元与不同的行为有关。在摄食行为和神经元活动上存在性别差异，提示在控制摄食技术上可能存在性别差异。较少

In order to develop the technique controlling food intake, growth and production in chicken, it is necessary to explore the controlling mechanism, especially central integrative system. Single neuron activity (unit) of the lateral hypothalamic area, i.e., feeding center, was observed in male and female chickens using chronically implanted micro-wire technique. As the results, the meurons had some variations of activity consistent with the stages of feeding behavior.In male chickens at least two types of units were found; during a meal on type (E type) was activated tonically and the type (I type) was inactivated adversely. Furthermore, within E type of units some phasic activation appeared consistently with the start or the end of a bout, a sequence of pecking, or the start of apeck. This indicates that sensory informations form the beak, esophagus or eyes should activate this type of neurons. In order to accelerate feeding behavior it might be effective to strengthen these information … More s. Other physiological informations may activate this neurons, c.f., hunger or satiety substance, which we evidenced to exist in the blood of fasted chickens. Most of the units of I type were recorded with those of E type, indicating that these different types of neurons exist adjacently each other. Units of I types were activated phasically at the investigative behavior, Then this type of neurons should concern to the start of feeding behavior.In female chickens, only on etype of units was observed, which was activated not only tonically during eating, but also phaically at the investigative behavior. Our ethological study made clear that hens spent most of their active time for pecking or scratching the ground, that is, eating was intermingled with investigative movements. This supports that one type of neurons in females is concerned with different behaviros. Existence of sex differences in feeding behavior and neuron activity indicates possibility of sexual difference in controlling techniques of food intake. Less