Prevention and Control of Laboratory Acquired Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in Animal Experimentation.

1978年11月，日本首次公开爆发了HFRS实验室感染。从那时起，成立了这个研究小组，并进行了流行病学和病毒学研究。回顾性调查显示，这种类型的HFRS早在70年代就已经发生。自那时以来，在日本的22个设施中记录了126例实验室获得性HFRS人间病例。血清流行病学研究显示，在发生HFRS患者的地点，实验室大鼠对HFRS或相关病毒表现出高的IFA滴度。研究人员感染HFRS的频率高于实验动物技术人员或饲养员，尽管有一名饲养员死于HFRS。动物室内吸入被HFRS病毒污染的空气是感染该病毒的主要原因。动物实验过程中的伤口感染是感染的另一个重要原因。实验室大鼠的感染可通过将受污染的动物转移到其他设施而发生。污染菌落鼠类的供应是动物设施鼠类感染的重要和实际原因。可移植动物肿瘤的组织碎片或细胞是传播HFRS病毒的潜在来源。从受污染的动物中根除HFRS病毒的最佳方法是消灭所有动物，特别是当人类HFRS与受感染的实验室大鼠有关时。在一些设施中，少数人和大鼠血清的IFA滴度较低。这些低IFA滴度的真正原因在未来仍有待解决。1981年，我们的研究小组和政府官员发布了保护这类HFRS的指导方针。从那以后，病人的数量减少了。最后一位患者记录于1984年底。基于这些连续的事实，我们强调，实验室获得性HFRS的预防和控制取决于生物医学研究人员对这种疾病的知识和理解。

In Japan, an outbreak of laboratory infection of HFRS was first made public in November, 1978. Since then, this research group was organized, and both epidemiological and virological studies have been undertaken. Retrospective survey revealed that this type of HFRS already occured early in the 1970's. Since then, 126 human cases of laboratory acquired HFRS have been recorded in 22 facilities of Japan. Seroepidemiological sutudies revealed that laboratory rats exhibites high IFA titers against HFRS or related viruses at locations where HFRS patients occured. Researchers contracted HFRS more frequently than laboratory animal technicians or caretakers, although a caretaker died of HFRS. Inhalation of HFRS virus contaminated air in the animal room is mainly cause of infection with this virus. Wound infection during animal experiments is another important foute of infection. Infection of laboratory rats can occur by transferring animals from contaminated to other facility. Supply of the rats from contaminated colonies is the important and actual causes of infection of rats in animal facilities. Tissue fragments or cells of transplantable animal tumors are potential source of spreading the HFRS virus. Eradication of HFRS virus from contaminated can be achieved best by elimination of all animals, especially when human HFRS is associated with an infected laboratory rats. In some facilities, small number of human and rat sera have a low IFA titers. The real means of these low IFA titers are still remained to be resolved in future. in 1981, a guide-line was issued by our research group and governmental officials for protection of this type HFRS. Since then numbers of the patient decreased. The last patient was recorded at the end of 1984. On these successive facts, we emphasize that the prevention and control of laboratory acquired HFRS depend upon the knowledge and understanding of this disease among the biomedical researchers.