Atrial natriuretic hormone in lower vertebrates.

本研究是为了获得更多的信息，心房利钠肽（ANP）在下脊椎动物进行。鱼类anp样免疫反应物质（ir-ANP）的研究。1)对6种淡水硬骨鱼（FW）、5种海水硬骨鱼（SW）和1种板鳃鱼（elasmobranch）的心肌细胞进行免疫组织化学、免疫细胞化学和超微结构研究，并采用RIA法测定血浆ANP活性。FW鱼的anp样物质的合成和释放都比SW鱼活跃。2)采用亲和素-生物素复合物法、蛋白a金技术、凝胶层析法和RIA法研究了anp样免疫反应性在鲤鱼心房和心室的分布。心房和心室心肌细胞的分泌颗粒中含有anp样物质，但心室心肌细胞的分泌活性低于心房心肌细胞。心房和心室组织中ANP样物质的主要成分为γ型ANP。3)将经fw驯化的鳗鲡转移至SW，在不同时间后对其心房和脑室进行免疫组织化学和免疫细胞化学研究。发现ir-ANP的合成和释放受环境盐浓度变化的微妙控制。1)对不同发育阶段蟾蜍的ir-ANP进行了研究，在心脏细胞中发现了两种不同大小的含有ir-ANP的颗粒。2)春季（繁殖期）和夏季（非繁殖期）蟾蜍的ir-ANP含量明显高于夏季（非繁殖期）蟾蜍，表明ir-ANP肽与它们的水生生活有关。

The present investigation was undertaken in order to obtain more information on the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in lower vertebrates.I. On the ANP-like immunoreactive material (ir-ANP) in fish. 1) Cardiocytes from six species of freshwater (FW and five species of seawater (SW) teleosts, and one elasmobranch were investigatied immunohistochemically immunocytochemically and ultrastructurally, and the plasma ANP activity of these fish was measured by RIA. FW fish performed both synthesis and release of ANP-like material more actively than SW fish. 2) Distribution of ANP-like immunoreactivity in the carp atrium and ventricle was studied by the avidin-biotin complex method, the protein A-gold technigue, gel chromatography and RIA. The ANP-like material is contained in the secretory granules in the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes, but the secretory activity of the ventricular cardiocytes is lower than the atrial cardiocytes. Main component of the ANP-like material in the atrial and ventricular tissue would be gamma-type ANP. 3) FW-acclimatized eels were transferred to SW, and after varying time their atrium and ventricle were studied immunohistochemically and immunocytochemically. The ir-ANP was found delicately controlled in its synthesi and release in response to changes in environmental salt concentration in this euryhaline fish.II. on ir-ANP in anuran Bufo. 1) The ir-ANP in toads at various developmental stages was studied, and two different-sized granules, both containing ir-ANP, were noticed cardiocytes. 2) Spring (breeding) and summer (non-breeding) toads were compared, and much larger amount of ir-ANP was found in the former, thus indicating that this peptide is related to their temporal aquatic life.