Estimation of Source Contribution of Atmospheric Aerosols

为了更高的时间分辨率分析大气颗粒物污染的源贡献，本研究对以下四个主题进行了研究：1)气溶胶粒子元素分析的PIXE系统的建立：使用四种不同类型的照射室，在不同的离子束轰击条件和测量条件下考察了PIXE分析的灵敏度和准确度。确定了PIXE分析大气气溶胶的最佳分析条件。2)利用PIXE分析对大气气溶胶进行表征：在不同季节和不同地点采集了600多个大气气溶胶样品，包括冬季重污染事件和科萨事件。元素浓度的时间变化一般在春季和初冬出现峰值，这是由KOSA和稳定条件…引起的3)评价大气颗粒物污染源贡献的受体模型的可靠性：将化学质量平衡法(CMB)和主成分分析(PCA)的可靠性作为测量数据误差大小和/或源剖面数据波动的函数进行评估。4)大气气溶胶来源贡献的估算：利用CMB方法和主成分分析方法研究了大气颗粒物来源贡献的季节变化和区域特征。使用了本研究中获得的元素浓度数据以及NASN站的数据。土壤源的贡献在各测点的5个假设源中最为显著，且每年春季都会升高。另一方面，人为源的贡献在初冬出现高峰。较少

In this study, the following four subjects were investigated for the final goal of higher time-resolution analysis of source contribution on particulate air pollution ;1) Establishment of PIXE system for elemental analysis of aerosol particles : Sensitivity and accuracy in PIXE analysis were investigated under the various ion-beam bombardment conditions and measurement conditions using four different types of irradiation chamber. The optimum analytical conditions were determined for the PIXE analysis of atmospheric aerosols. The standard samples prepared in this study were shown to be applied effectively for the calibration of PIXE analysis.2) Characterization of atmospheric aerosols by PIXE analysis : More than 600 atmospheric aerosol samples were collected in the various seasons and sites, including winter heavy pollution episode and Kosa episode. The time changes of elemental concentration had generally peaks in spring and early winter which were caused by Kosa and stable condition … More of atmosphere, respectively.3) Reliability of receptor model evaluating the source contribution to particulate air pollution : the reliability of Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was evaluated as a function of error size in the measurement data and/or fluctuation of source profile data. Assuming the allowable limit of error in the estimation of each source contribution, the maximum permitted error size in the measurement data and the maximum permissible fluctuation of source data were suggested.4) Estimation of source contribution of atmospheric aerosols : The seasonal variation and regional fiature of source contribution to atmospheric particulate pollutants were investigated using both CMB and PCA methods. The elemental concentration data obtained in this study as well as it NASN stations were used. Soil source contribution was most significant among the five assumed sources at every site and was elevated in spring every year. On the other hand, the contributions of anthropogenic sources had peaks in early winter. Less