International Joint Research on Pineal Photoereception

环境光信息调节松果体器官的功能。为了阐明松果体功能的基本机制，本实验室与德国、美国、新西兰和印度的科学家进行了国际和跨学科的合作研究。主要研究结果如下：1。对南极鱼类Pagothenia和Trematomus松果体和视网膜的电生理和免疫细胞化学研究表明，它们是发育良好的光敏器官。在松果体中发现了紫外光受体，其敏感度在380 nm处达到峰值。NADPH-黄递酶染色显示松果体神经元有4种类型，可分为8组。用5-羟色胺和视杆蛋白的抗血清进行双重免疫染色成功。发现了一种新的无突起的ROB-opsin阳性细胞类型。锥体视蛋白免疫反应提示七鳃鳗脑室旁器官存在深部光感受器。亚马逊电鱼有松果体器官。在电鳗视网膜中，视细胞外节呈杆状视蛋白免疫反应阳性，但未见5-羟色胺阳性的无长突细胞。对七鳃鳗的松果体光感受器是否对磁场敏感进行了电生理研究。细胞内记录显示，静息膜电位和光反应没有变化。

Environmental photic information regulates the function of pineal organs. In order to elucidate basic mechanisms of pineal functions, the international and interdisciplinary cooperative research was undertaken between our laboratory and the scientists from Germany, U.S.A., New Zealand and India. Main findings are as follows.1. Electrophysiological and immunocytochemical study of pineal organs and retina of the Antarctic fishes, Pagothenia and Trematomus, Showed that they are well-developed photosensitive organs.2. UV-receptor was found electrophysiologically in the lamprey's pineal, showing the peak sensitivity at 380 nm.3. Application of NADPH-diaphorase staining demonstrated 4 types of pineal neurons, which could be subdivided into 8 groups. Double immunostaining with antisera against seretonin and rod-opsin was successful. A new cell-type with rob-opsin positivity without processes was found. Cone-opsin immunoreactivity suggested the presence of deep-brain photoreceptors in the paraventricular organ of lamprey.4. Amazonian electric fish had pineal organs. In the retina of electric eel, rod-opsin immunoreactivity was shown in outer segments of visual cells, but no serotonin-positive amacrine cells were demonstrated.5. Pineal photoreceptors of the lamprey were studied electrophysiologically whether they are sensitive to magnetic field.Intracellular recording revealed no change in the resting membrane potential and in photic responses.