EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE AFTEREFFECTS OF AVERSIVE STIMULUS: WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY OF EMOTION.

1.通过实验和理论研究来检验情绪的对手-过程理论(所罗门和科比特，1974)。大鼠实验采用离散试探式舔条件抑制情境。假设在条件性抑制之前出现的厌恶刺激会减弱条件性抑制。在两个实验中检验了以下具体假设：(1)条件性抑制会被抑制诱导刺激之前呈现的厌恶刺激所减弱。(2)这种抑制不仅在厌恶刺激为主要刺激时被观察到，而且当它是次要刺激时也被观察到。(3)这种抑制的程度将与刺激的厌恶程度成正比。(4)随着厌恶刺激和抑制诱导刺激之间的时间间隔的增加，这种抑制的量会减少。假设1和4被无条件地证实。假设2也被支持，但第二厌恶刺激的抑制量出人意料地小于第一厌恶刺激。假设3的确认是困难的，因为厌恶刺激的增加导致基线反应的整体抑制，这与去抑制量以复杂的方式相互作用。使用去抑制率的分析导致了假设3的确认，从而导致了对手-进程理论。到目前为止，对手-过程理论只强调情绪产生刺激的后效，但这些刺激也会如上所述对基线情绪产生影响，这一事实必须被很好地结合到该理论的未来研究中。

1. Experimental and theoretical research were conducted to test the adequacy of the opponent- process theory of emotion (Solomon & Corbit, 1974). Rat experiments were conducted using discrete- trial-type licking conditioned suppression situation. It was hypothesized that an aversive stimulus presented immediately preceding a conditioned suppression would attenuate the conditioned suppression.2. Following specific hypotheses were tested in two experiments: (1) Conditioned suppression will be attenuated by an aversive stimulus presented before the suppression-inducing stimulus. (2) This dissuppression will be observed not only when the aversive stimulus is the primary one but also when it is the secondary one. (3) The amount of this dissuppression will be a positive function of the aversiveness of the stimulus. (4) The amount of this dissuppression will decrease as the temporal interval between the aversive stimulus and the suppression-inducing stimulus increases.3. Hypotheses 1 and 4 were unconditionally confirmed. Hypothesis 2 was also supported, but the amount of dissuppression by the secondary aversive stimulus was surprisingly smaller than that by the primary aversive stimulus. The confirmation of Hypothesis 3 was difficult due to the fact that the increase of the aversive stimulus led to the overall suppression of the baseline responding, which interacted in a complex manner with the amount of dissuppression. The analysis using a dissuppression ratio led to the confirmation of Hypothesis 3 and hence the opponent-process theory. The opponent-process theory so far has stressed only the aftereffect of emotion-producing stimuli, but the fact that these stimuli also have effects upon the baseline emotion as described above have to be well incorporated in future studies of this theory.