In vivo and in vitro comparative studies on the regulation of morphogenesis in crop plants

比较了水稻植株的体内胚胎发生和水稻愈伤组织的体外分化过程。在水稻愈伤组织中没有观察到体外胚胎发生。在分化处理前的继代培养中使用ABA和高浓度的糖可以促进水稻愈伤组织的分化。水分胁迫促进了几种禾本科植物根皮层厚壁组织的发育。显然，皮质硬组织是一种可诱导的组织。(+)ABA和油菜素内酯促进禾本科和豆科植物老种子萌发。发展了一种快速、无损地估计种子萌发活力的量热方法。用电子显微镜观察了高温和干旱胁迫诱导的水稻小穗性器官发生异常，并估算了激素含量。推测GA和ABA参与了这一过程。观察了花粉粒和花药组织的发育。小孢子在绒毛肥大的早期即被激活。以苹果和苹果砧木苹果为试材，进行胚珠内胚珠培养。从体外萌发的胚胎中获得了幼苗。用电子显微镜观察了水稻和大豆原生质体的融合过程。通过激光处理机，染料被引入活细胞。在NADP-ME型C4植物SUN植株上建立了绿色愈伤组织，并对其组织中的叶绿体超微结构进行了观察。甚至在愈伤组织中靠近维管束的细胞中，类囊体的堆积也没有受到抑制。在指尖谷子的巨大果肉上直接诱导出花芽。研究了百慕大草巨型末期胚胎和体外胚胎的结构特征。从粘性烟草愈伤组织中分离出一株高再生能力的细胞系，并对其结构特征和可溶性氨基酸组成进行了研究。

In vivo embryogenes of rice plant and differentiation process of rice callus in vitro were compared. In vitro embryogenesis was not observed in rice callus. ABA and high concentrations of sugars promoted differentiation of rice callus when they were applied during subculture before differentiation treatment. Development of sclerenchyma in the root cortex of several gramineous plants was promoted under water stress conditions. Apparently cortical sclerenchyma is an inducible tissue. (+) ABA and brassinolide stimulated germination of old seeds of gramineous and leguminous plants. A calorimetric method was developed to estimate rapidly and nondestructively the germination viability of seeds. Anomalies of sexual organogenesis in rice spikelets induced by heat and drought stresses were examined by electron microscopy and hormone content was estimated. Involvement of GA and ABA was suggested. Development of pollen grains and anther, tissues was examined. Microspores were found to be activated in the early stages of tapatum hypertrophy. Embryo-in-ovule culture was performed in apple and Malus Plunifolia, a root stock for apple tree cultivation. Seedlings were obtained from embryos germinated in vitro. Fusion process of protoplasts was examined by electron microscopy in rice and soybean. Dye was introduced into living cells with a laser processor. Green callus was established in sun plant, an NADP-ME type C_4 plant, and chloroplast ultrastructure in the tissue was examined. Stacking of thylakoids was not suppressed even in the cells next to the vascular bundle in the callus. Floral bud was directly induced on the giant doom of finger millet. Structural features of the giant doom and the in vitro embryo of Bermuda grass were examined. A highly regenerable cell line was isolated from callus of Nicotianii glutinosa, and its structural features and soluble amino acid composition were characterized.