Distribution and physiological function of atrial natriuretic peptide.

1. 心房利钠肽（ANP）的系统发育。在所有脊椎动物的代表性动物中，心房和心室的心脏细胞保留分泌颗粒。除锦鸡外，其余颗粒对抗人ANP （HANP）抗血清均有免疫反应。鱼类中的ANP。(1)用放射免疫法测定了13种环口鱼类、软骨鱼类和硬骨鱼的心房和心室提取物和血浆中的免疫反应性ANP。淡水鱼类和海水鱼类在这些数值上没有差异。(2)对鲤鱼心房和心室提取物的色谱分析表明，免疫反应性ANP的主要成分是一种分子量较大的肽（约12.5 KD），可认为是γ -ANP。用β - hanp （6 KD）和α - hanp （3 KD）洗脱两种次要成分。(3)心房提取物对鹌鹑血管有一定的抑制作用，与抗hanp抗血清孵育后活性减弱。3 .更多。两栖类和爬行类中的ANP。(1)在日本蟾蜍、非洲爪趾蟾蜍和软壳龟中，当心脏开始跳动时，ANP免疫反应性分泌颗粒首先出现在心房和心室的心肌细胞中。然后，颗粒的数量在后两个物种中逐渐增加，但在蟾蜍中，在变态完成之前，颗粒的数量突然增加。(2)垂体切除术和甲状腺切除术对ANP免疫反应性的影响。在幼体心脏中，垂体和甲状腺都不是ANP合成所必需的，但甲状腺激素可能调节ANP的合成和/或从心肌细胞中释放。(3)春（繁殖期）蟾蜍心房和心室的心肌细胞核较大，ANP免疫反应性较夏（非繁殖期）蟾蜍强。春蟾蜍血浆免疫反应性ANP水平也高于夏蟾蜍。目前尚不清楚ANP是否在繁殖季节临时水生生物的水钠平衡调节中起生理作用。少

1. Phylogeny of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). In the representative animals of all vertebrate classes, atrial and ventricular cardiocytes retain secretory granules. The granules, except those of Aves, are immunoreactive against anti-human ANP (HANP) antiserum.2. ANP in Fishes. (1) In thirteen species from cyclostomes, cartilagenous fishes and teleosts, the immunoreactive ANP in the atrial and ventricular extracts and plasma was estimated by radioimmunoassay. There was no difference in these values between freshwater and seawater fishes. (2) Chromatographic analysis of carp atrial and ventricular extracts indicated that the major component of immunoreactive ANP is a peptide with high molecular weight (about 12.5 KD), being regarded as gamma-ANP. The two minor components were coeluted with beta-hANP (6 KD) and alpha-hANP (3 KD). (3) The atrial extracts showed a vasodepressor activity in the quail, and the activity was diminished after incubation of extracts with anti-hANP antiserum.3 … More . ANP in Amphibia and Reptile. (1) In Japanese toad, African clawed-toed toad and soft-shelled turtle, the ANP immunoreactive secretory granules is first noted in the atrial and ventricular cardiocytes, when the heart begin to beat. Then, the number of the granules increases gradually in the latter two species, but abruptly, in the toad, before the metamorphosis is completed. (2) Effects of hypophysectomy and thyroidectomy on ANP immunoreactivity. Neither hypophysis nor thyroid may be essential for ANP synthesis in larval hearts but thyroid hormones may possibly modulate synthesis and/or release of ANP from the cardiocytes. (3) The cardiocytes in the atrium and ventricle of the spring (breeding) toads had larger nuclei and showed stronger ANP immunoreactivity than those of the summer (non-breeding) toads. Plasma levels of immunoreactive ANP were also higher in the spring than summer toads. Whether ANP serves a physiological roles in regulation of water and sodium balance in temporary aquatic life during the breeding season is not clear at present. Less