Practical Aspect of Application of Upflow Anaerobic Felter Process to Waste-Water Treatment

从实用角度考察了上流式厌氧滤池工艺在废水处理中应用的可行性，并首次将其应用于高校食堂废水处理。实验结果表明，在温度低至20ﾟC的条件下，废水降解效果显著，产甲烷效果显著，但对油脂组分的降解效果较差。在单相过滤系统中，脂质在过滤器内积累，而不被降解。采用悬浮生长型产酸反应器的两相体系，解决了由于油脂的抑制作用而导致的油脂转化为甲烷的问题。结果表明，两相体系在降解废水中油脂方面具有一定的优势。利用合成底物对脂类的抑制作用进行了详细的研究。发现中性脂肪…的水解度长链脂肪酸降解速度较慢，但降解速度较快。在所考察的中性脂肪中，三酸甘油酯相对容易降解。通过4个或6个滤池并行运行的研究，考察了厌氧滤池内固体和生物量的累积情况。即使在产甲烷和去除COD后，固体数量也没有达到稳定状态，表现出明显的稳定状态。菌体底部附着的生物量高于上部，但产甲烷活性低于上部。针对厌氧过滤过程中硫酸盐还原与甲烷产生的竞争问题，考虑了以往研究中经常忽略的滤池内生物量的增加，估算了生物滤池的生长系数。结果表明，在补加葡萄糖时硫酸盐还原反应活跃，而在补加乙酸盐时硫酸盐还原反应不活跃。这一结果表明，引入两相系统可以减少硫酸盐还原。综上所述，本研究表明，上流式厌氧滤池工艺从实用的角度来看是非常有前途的，应该加强其在实际废水中的应用。较少

Experimental research was conducted to examine the feasibility of application of upflow anaerobic filter process to waste-water treatment from practical point of view.Its application to treatment of university cafeteria waste-water was first carried out. The experimental results show that the waste-water was degraded and methane gas was produced in significant efficiency at temperature as low as 20^ﾟC. However, difficulty in the degradation of lipid fraction was encountered. Lipid was accumulated within the filter without being degraded in single phase filter system. Application of two phase system by using a suspended-growth type acidogenic reactor solved this problem, which is caused by inhibitory effect of lipid, and lipid was converted to methane in this system. This results shows the advantage of two phase system in the degradation of lipid in waste-water. Detailed research was conducted on inhibition by lipid using synthetic substrate. It was found that hydrolysis of neutral fat … More was rapid whereas degradation of long-chain fatty acid was slow step. Triolein showed relatively easy degradability among the neutral fat examined.Accumulation of solid and biomass within the anaerobic filter was examined by conducting research by operating 4 or 6 filters in parallel. Amount of solid did not reach steady state even after methane production and COD removal showed apparently steady state condition. More amount of biomass was attached on the media in bottom part than that in top part, but the methanogenic activity of the former was lower than the latter. Growth yield coefficient was estimated by taking into consideration of biomass increase in the filter, which was often neglected in the previous studies.Competition between sulfate reduction, which causes trouble in anaerobic filter Process, and methane production was studied. It was found that sulfate reduction was active when glucose was fed, while it was not active when acetate was fed. This result suggests the possibility of reducing the sulfate reduction by introducing the two phase system.In summary, this research exhibits that the upflow anaerobic filter process is very promising from the practical viewpoint, and its application to actual waste-water should be enhanced. Less