Analysis of thermal environment in building, district, urban and regional scale and its application to Asian Megacities

对亚洲特大城市的热环境进行了实地调查和不同尺度的模拟，并对缓解方案进行了讨论，同时对重庆市的实地调查中使用的鱼眼透镜拍摄的照片进行了分析，获得了建筑物的热环境信息，用于计算热环境指数。这种方法在地理信息有限的地区是有用的。在首尔市清溪溪进行了热环境调查，清溪被称为城市地区的恢复流。通过这次修复工作，热环境得到了改善。分析了热舒适度的个体差异，对遥感数据进行了大气修正，得到了地表温度，并利用RAMS软件，以重庆市为例，以土地利用遥感数据和基于能量统计的人为热排放数据为输入，对重庆市热环境进行了分析。通过与实测气象资料的对比，验证了RAMS中引入冠层模式对重庆地区的模拟效果。利用该模型对重庆市未来人口倍增、城市面积倍增的发展效应进行了估算。新开发区和现有城区的气温将分别上升约5度和1度。白天温度高于40度和夜间温度高于30度的区域将分别扩大2.4倍和3.7倍。本模拟针对台北市进行区域模拟，并预测不同的减缓方案。考虑空调散热量随时间变化的模拟结果表明，由于空调散热量的变化，建筑物附近的温度升高可达1.8度。评价了冷却塔的引入对改善夜间热环境的效果，以及细水雾喷雾和光触媒水膜技术在建筑物壁面上的应用。

Field survey and simulation with various scales were conducted for thermal environment of Asian mega cities, and mitigation options were discussed.Building information was obtained by analysis of photographs with a fish-eye lens in field survey in Chongqing, China for calculation of thermal environmental index. This method is useful in the region where geographic information is limited. Heat environment was surveyed in Cheong-gye stream, Seoul City, which is well known as restored stream in urban area. Improvement of thermal environment was observed by this restoration work. Individual difference in thermal comfort was analyzed.Influence of atmosphere on remote sensing data was corrected to obtain surface temperature.Thermal environment of Chongqing was analyzed with applying RAMS with input of land use data from remote sensing and anthropogenic heat discharge based on energy statistics. By comparing with observed meteorological data, it was verified that built-in of a canopy model into RAMS improved the simulation results in Chongqing. Effect of future development of Chongqing with doubled population and doubled urban area was estimated by the proposed model. Temperature increase in newly developed area and existing urban area will be about 5 degree and 1 degree, respectively. Area of temperature higher than 40 degree during daytime and higher than 30 degree during nighttime will be expanded by 2.4 times and 3.7 times, respectively. Various mitigation options were predicted by this simulation.District scale simulation was conducted for Taipei. Simulation considering change of heat rejection from air-conditioner with various time showed that temperature increase due to this heat rejection is up to 1.8 degree near the building. Effect of introduction of cooling tower to improve heat environment in night time and application of water mist spray and water film on the wall with photo catalyst were evaluated.