Effects of Components on Wear Resistance of Metals

研究了材料成分和环境对磨损的影响，得出了抗磨设计中材料选择和滑动条件的原则。(1)采用销盘式试验台，在干燥条件下对不同组分含量的铜合金进行了磨损试验。高Ni含量的铜合金由重度磨损向轻度磨损过渡。Cu-Ni-Zn合金（镍银）无论在何种摩擦条件下都产生严重的磨损，随着Ni和Zn含量的增加，其耐磨性也较高。Ni合金的电阻增加幅度大于Zn合金。在三维坐标上绘制了构件含量与耐磨性之间的关系，并描述了耐磨性平面。根据这些结果，提出了选用高耐磨材料的原则和方法。(2)碳钢在空气、离子交换水和盐溶液中进行滑动磨损试验。从严重到轻度磨损的转变发生在液体环境和干燥条件下。随着腐蚀强度的增加，轻度磨损区域扩展到高负荷范围。液体中的轻度磨损率在低负荷范围内几乎不变，在高负荷范围内与负荷成比例增加。前者是由于腐蚀疲劳断裂，后者是由于粘着硬粒断裂。(3)对低碳钢进行了自由腐蚀和盐溶液中不同电位下的磨损试验。在静态腐蚀条件下，施加完全腐蚀保护的阴极电位时，过渡载荷小于自由腐蚀条件下的过渡载荷。轻度磨损的载荷范围向较低水平移动，但其速率低于自由腐蚀。从(2)和(3)的结果可以清楚地看出，我们需要从转变行为的角度来评估钢在腐蚀环境中的耐磨性。我将从这些角度继续研究钢的成分对腐蚀磨损的影响。少

The effects of component of materials and environments on wear were studied in order to obtain the principles of selection of materials and sliding conditions in anti-wear design.(1) Wear tests of copper alloys with various contents of components were conducted under dry condition using the pin-on-disk type test rig. The transition from severe wear to mild wear occurs for the copper alloy with high content of Ni. Cu-Ni-Zn alloy (Nickel silver) produces severe wear regardless of rubbing conditions and shows high wear resistance with increasing content of Ni and Zn. The degree of increase of the resistance is larger for Ni than Zn. The relationships between content of components and wear resistance were plotted on a three-dimensional coordinates and then the plane of wear resistance was described. From these results, I can suggest the principle and the method to select the high wear resistant materials.(2) Sliding wear tests of carbon steels were conducted in air, ion-exchanged water and … More saline solutions. The transition from severe to mild wear takes place in liquid environment as well as in dry conditions. The region of mild wear extends to a high load range with an increase of corrosion intensity. The mild wear rates in liquids are almost constant in the range of low load and increase proportionally to load in the range of high load. The former is due to corrosion fatigue fracture, and the latter due to the fracture at adhered asperites.(3) Wear tests of mild steel were conducted under free corrosion and at various potentials in saline solution. When the cathodic potential exerting a complete corrosion protection under static corrosion is impressed, the transition load is lower than that under free corrosion. The load range for the appearance of mild wear shifts to a lower level, but its rate is lower than that under free corrosion.From the results of (2) and (3), it becomes clear that we need to evaluate the wear resistances of steels in corrosive environments from the viewpoint of transition behaviors. I will continuously study the effects of components of steels on corrosive wear from these viewpoints. Less