The Mechanisms of Reversible Immobilization of Fowl Spermatozoa at Body Temperature

完整的鸡精子在40ﾟC时几乎不活动，30ﾟC时运动能力显著增强。两种温度下的耗氧量均为8~11 ul O_2/10^和10&gt；分钟^&lt；-1&gt；。40ﾟC时精子的三磷酸腺苷浓度高于30ﾟC时的浓度，但30ﾟC时的腺苷二磷酸浓度高于40ﾟC时的浓度。因此，在40ﾟC时，30ﾟC时的三磷酸腺苷/腺苷二磷酸比值(1.9~2.2)增加到3.5~3.7。相反，在40ﾟC时，这些效应剂不能恢复去膜精子的运动能力。在30ﾟC时，去膜精子的运动能力得以恢复。这些结果表明，鸡精子在40ﾟC时的固定化是由于鞭毛动力蛋白ATPase活性降低所致。此外，运动效应物的作用可能不是直接作用在轴丝上，而是由具有…的溶解物质介导。去膜精子在40ﾟ℃时开始活动，在复活液中加入0.1M~0.5M的NH_4Cl、NaC l和KCl时，所有情况下的最大活动度均为0.2M~0.3M。NH_4Cl、氯化钠和氯化钾的加入对动力蛋白粗提物的ATPase活性也有一定的刺激作用。相反，LiCl对细胞活力和ATPase活性没有明显影响。结果表明，除氯化锂外，鸡精子鞭毛动力蛋白-三磷酸腺苷酶活性均可被氯化锂刺激，去膜精子在40ﾟC时仍有活力。研究了四苯基硼对30ﾟC时鸡精子活力和代谢的影响。不同浓度的四苯基硼对鸡精子的耗氧量和三磷酸腺苷含量无明显影响，但降低了完整鸡精子的活力。运动抑制可被四苯基硼的去除所逆转。此外，添加四苯基硼改善了精子在保存过程中的维持性。四苯基硼不影响去膜精子的活力，提示四苯基硼的作用部位不是直接作用于鸡精子的轴丝。较少

Intact fowl spermatozoa became almost immotile at 40^ﾟC, but motility increased significantly at 30^ﾟC. The oxygen consumption at both temperatures was 8-11 ul O_2/10^<10> spermatozoa. Min^<-1>. The ATP concentration at 40^ﾟC was higher than that at 30^ﾟC but ADP concentration at 30^ﾟC was higher than that at 40^ﾟC. Consequently, the ATP/ADP ratio at 30^ﾟC (1.9-2.2) increased to 3.5-3.7 at 40^ﾟC. The motility of intact spermatozoa at 40^ﾟC was effectively restored by Ca^<2+>, seminal plasma and peritoneal fluid taken at the time of ovulation. In contrast, these effectors did not restore the motility of demembranated spermatozoa at 40^ﾟC. Motility of demembranated spermatozoa was restored at 30^ﾟC. These results suggest that the immobilization for fowl spermatozoa at 40^ﾟC occurs due to a decrease in flagellar dynein ATPase activity. Furthermore, the action of effectors for motility such as Ca^<2+> may not be directly on the axoneme, but mediated by solubilized substances which have bee … More n removed by demembranation of the spermatozoa.Demembranated spermatozoa, however, become motile at 40^ﾟC when 0.1-0.5 M concentrations of NH_4Cl, NaCl and KCl were added to the reactivation medium, with maximum motility at 0.2-0.3 M in all cases. The additions of NH_4Cl, NaCl and KCl also stimulated the ATPase activity of crude dynein extract. In contrast, LiCl did not appreciably affect motility and ATPase activity. These results showed that the flagellar dynein ATPase activity of fowl spermatozoa could be stimulated by the addition of certain monovalent chlorides, except LiCl, and demembranated spermatozoa might be motile at 40^ﾟC.The effects of tetraphenylboron on the motility and metabolism of fowl spermatozoa at 30^ﾟC were investigated. The motility of intact fowl spermatozoa was reduced by tetraphenylboron at concentrations that had little effect on the oxygen consumption and ATP content of spermatozoa. The inhibition of motility was reversed by the removal of tetraphenylboron. Furthermore, the addition of tetraphenylboron improved the maintenance of spermatozoa during storage. Tetraphenylboron did not affect the motility of demembranated spermatozoa, suggesting that the locus of action of tetraphenylboron is not directly on the axoneme of fowl spermatozoa. Less