Virological and Immunological Study for Prevention of Rotavirus Gastroenteritis.

对札幌市轮状病毒血清型进行流行病学研究，发现各年轮状病毒血清型的相对频率。在连续3个冬季检测到轮状病毒血清1 ~ 4型。对至少四种血清型的免疫可能需要引起广泛的保护。札幌地区轮状病毒RNA谱的差异提示轮状病毒易发生遗传改变。我们在札幌的一家福利院进行了恒河轮状病毒疫苗MMU-18006 (RRV)（血清型3）的临床试验。RRV安全、免疫原性强。人轮状病毒1、2、4血清型在接种RRV后异型免疫应答不足。根据血清学数据，RRV可能对血清3型轮状病毒有效，但对其他血清型轮状病毒不够有效。在研究期间，在研究人群中发生了由血清1型轮状病毒（RV-1）野生株引起的肠胃炎暴发。根据疫苗接种史，将0 ~ 25月龄幼仔分为3组；加强疫苗、一剂疫苗和对照组。几乎所有的婴儿都感染了RV-1，而疫苗组对RV-1胃肠炎的保护作用比对照组更强，特别是加强组。无症状感染与高水平爆发前抗KU（血清型1）抗体滴度有显著相关性，但与RRV抗体滴度无显著相关性；对轮状病毒感染的保护是血清型特异性的。如果我们单独分析数据，这些现象就不那么明显了。为了解决这一问题，需要开展针对血清1型轮状病毒的局部免疫应答和表位特异性免疫应答的研究。在同一托儿所进行了同时口服RRV和脊髓灰质炎疫苗的临床试验。没有观察到这两种疫苗之间的干扰。这些数据表明，未来轮状病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗联合接种的可能性。少

Epiodemiologic study for serotypes of rotaviruses detected in Sapporo showed the relative frequency of individual serotype by year. Serotypes 1 to 4 of rotaviruses were detected during consecutive 3 winter seasons. The immunity against at least four serotypes may be required to induced broad protection. Divergency of RNA pattern of rotaviruses collected in Sapporo suggested that rotaviruses were easily changed genetically.We have conducted the clinical trial of rhesus rotavirus vaccine MMU-18006 (RRV) (serotype 3) in a welfare nursery in Sapporo. RRV was safe and highly immunogenic. Heterotypic immune response to serotypes 1,2 and 4 of human rotaviruses after RRV inoculation was not enough even after booster inoculation. Based on the serological data RRV may be effective for serotype 3 rotavirus but not enough for other serotype of rotaviruses. During the study period an outbreak of gastroenteritis due to wild strain of serotype 1 rotavirus (RV-1) occurred in the study population. Infa … More nts aged from 0 to 25 monts were divided into three groups based on the vaccine history ; booster vaccine, one dose vaccine and control group. Almost all infants were infected with RV-1 whereas the protection against RV-1 gastroenteritis was seen more in vaccine groups, especially in booster group than in control group. There was significant relationship between asymptomatic infection and higher levels of pre-outbreak antibody titers against KU (serotype 1) but not RRV ; the protection against rotavirus infection was serotype specific. If we analyzed the data in individual case, these phenomena are not so clearly mentioned. The study for local immune response and epitope specific immune response against serotype 1 rotavirus should be needed to answer this problem.A clinical trial of the simultaneous oral administration of RRV and poliovirus vaccines was conducted in the same nursery. The interference between these two vaccines was not observed. The data showed the possibility for combined vaccination with rotavirus and poliovirus vaccines in future. Less