Evolutionary Biology and Population dynamics of herbivorous lady beetles in Indonesia

我们于1990年和1991年在印度尼西亚的西爪哇和西苏门答腊对食植物瓢虫（Epilachninae）进行了各种实地研究和实验室实验。共有7名日本研究人员和2名印度尼西亚研究人员参与了这项联合研究。主要结果如下：(1)共采集到毛猴2属5种群24种。其中包括至少7个新物种。(2)体型相近的同域物种虽然在分类学上有远亲关系，但在外观上往往非常相似或几乎相同。(3)雌性内部生殖系统的形态、交配时间和精子转移方式对亚洲毛猴的分类和系统发育重建具有重要价值。(4)确定了23种叶子木属的食用植物。同一种群的脱毛倾向于发生在一个或几个受限制的植物科上。(5)除作物和杂草外，大多数物种的种群密度都很低。(6)在茄科作物和豆科杂草上发现了两类种群。在一系列实验和野外观察的基础上，认为这两种类型是同一物种内真正的寄主种族，可能是在同属植物遗传分化的过程中形成的。(7)在实验室条件下考察了3种毛爪虫的生存-受精过程，并计算了基本种群参数。(8)调查了茂物植物园2种毛猴种群密度的季节变化。对1990年11月至1991年10月期间获得的数据进行的初步分析清楚地表明，在1991年7月至9月的特别严重干旱期间，人口密度下降了。

We have performed various kinds of field studies and laboratory experiments on phytophagous ladybird beetles (Epilachninae) in West Java and West Sumatra, Indonesia, in 1990 and 1991. A total of seven Japanese and two Indonesian researchers have been participated in this joint study. The main outcomes are :(1) A total of 24 species of epilachnines belonging to 2 genera and 5 species groups were collected. They include at least seven new species.(2) Sympatric species with a similar body size often are closely similar, or virtually identical in external appearance, even though they are distantly related taxonomically.(3) It was revealed that morphology of female intrenal reproductive systems, mating durations, and modes of sperm transfer are highly valuable for the classification and phylogeny reconstruction of Asian Epilachninae.(4) Food plants were confirmed for 23 epilachnine species. Epilachnines of the same species group tended to occur on one or a few restricted plant families.(5) The population density of most species, except for those on crops or weeds, was revealed to be very low.(6) Two types of populations, one on solanaceous crops and the other on a leguminous weed, were discovered in Epilachna vigintioctopunctata. On the basis of a series of experiments and field observations, it was concluded that the two types are true host races within a single species, possibly in the course of genetic divergence in sympatry.(7) Survivorship-fertility schedules of three Epilachna species were examined under the laboratory condition, and basic population parameters were calculated.(8) Seasonal change of population density in two Epilachna species was investigated at the Bogor Botanic Gardens. A preliminary analysis of the data obtained during November 1990 through October 1991 clearly demonstrated the depression of population densities during the extraordinary severe drought in July to September, 1991.