Preparation of Active Catalysts by Mechanical Alloying

利用振动磨进行了催化反应的机械化学效应研究。试验反应为：(1)环己烯脱氢反应和(2)费托合成反应。(1)在氦气气氛下用振磨法对镍粉进行机械活化。机械化学活化镍粉在室温下也能催化环己烯脱氢。镍铁混合催化剂具有较高的催化活性。发现铁粉对镍的铣削过程有促进作用。(2)采用铁镍粉作为催化剂。将反应物气体混合物（氢气和一氧化碳）与预活化粉末在120℃下加热3小时，观察到催化反应，并形成少量甲烷。在120℃的反应物气体下进行磨矿时，产物即甲烷的量增加。虽然铁的催化活性低于镍，但在铣削条件下，铁与乙烷和丙烷发生催化反应。结果表明，通过机械化学活化，在120℃条件下也能进行费托合成。

Mechanochemical effects on catalytic reactions were carried out using vibromill. The test reactions were(1)dehydrogenation of cyclohexene and(2)Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.(1)Nickel powder was mechanically activated by vibromilling under helium atmosphere. Catalytic dehydrogenation of cyclohexene occurred by the mechanochemically activated nickel powder even at room temperature. High catalytic activity was observed with mixed catalyst of nickel and iron. It was found that milling process of nickel was accelerated by iron powder.(2)Iron and nickel powders were used as a catalyst. When reactant gas mixture(hydrogen and carbon monoxide)was heated with preactivated powders at 120 C for 3 hr, catalytic reaction was observed and a small amount of methane was formed. When milling was carried out under the reactant gas at 120 C, the amount of product, that is, methane increased. Although iron has a lower catalytic activity than nickel, ethane and propane were produced by catalytic reaction with iron under milling conditions. It can be concluded that Fischer-Tropsch synthesis can be performed even at 120 C by mechanochemical activation.