Human genetical studies on native minority groups (Kouzan-Zoku) in Taiwan

这项研究在1990年和1991年进行。根据文化和语言的差异，台湾原住民被分为九个部落。我们从1990年的田野调查中获得了台湾南部5个部落和兰屿雅米部落的血液样本。我们于1991年进行了实地调查，收集了剩余三个种群（Tayal、Tsuo和Sayshat）的血液样本。样本量超过了所有调查人群的最低要求（40人）。我们的初步分析结果如下。(1)共检查10种血型。血型研究是与日本红十字会中央血液中心合作进行的。最重要的发现是米尔滕贝格阳性个体的高患病率；Ami占90%（世界最高），Yami占50%。遗传距离分析显示，台湾9个原住民部落间存在较大差异。这表明，直到最近，这些土著人口在基因上一直是孤立的。(2)检测HTLV-I抗体是否存在，Tayal部落仅有1例抗体阳性。选定的血液样本经过eb转化，现在我们有100多个永生淋巴细胞系。(3)亚洲特异性线粒体DNA 9碱基对缺失检测。这种类型的频率变化很大；最低的是塔雅尔的3%，最高的是雅美和Tsuo的46%。到目前为止，东亚人群的平均频率（28%）是最高的。选取样本进行线粒体DNA d环区测序，构建葡萄发生树。这棵树表明台湾原住民具有南方蒙古人种的特征。少

This study was conducted in 1990 and 1991. Taiwan aborigines are classified into nine tribes based on the cultural and linguistic differences. The objectives of the present study were threefold ; (1) to describe the genetic characteristics of each tribe by using various genetic markers, (2) to clarify the genetic relationship of these Taiwan aborigines by comparing them with other human populations, and (3) to preserve the precious samples thorough immortalized lymphocyte cell lines.We obtained blood samples from five Southern Taiwan tribes and from Yami tribe, who lives in Orchid lsland from the field survey of 1990. We conducted the field survey in 1991 to collect blood samples from the remaining three populations (Tayal, Tsuo, and Sayshat). Sample size exceeded the minimum requirement (40 individuals) for all the populatiofis surveyed. The results of our preliminary analyses are as follows.(1) A total of ten blood groups were examined. The blood group study was a collaboration with … More Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Center. The most significant finding was the high prevalence of Miltenberger-positive individuals ; 90% for Ami (highest in the world) and 50% for Yami. Genetic distance analysis was also conducted and a large difference among the nine Taiwan aboriginal tribes were observed. This suggests that these aboriginal populations have been genetically isolated until recently.(2) Existence of antibody for HTLV-I was examined, and only one individual of Tayal tribe was positive. Selected blood samples were EB-transformed and now we have more than 100 immortalized lymphocyte cell lines.(3) Asian-specific 9-base pair deletion was examined for mitochondrial DNA. The frequency of this type varied substantially ; the lowest was 3% for Tayal and the highest was 46% for Yami and Tsuo. The average frequency (28%) is the highest among the East Asian populations examined so far. D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA were sequenced for selected samples, and aphylogenetic tree was constructed. The tree suggests that Taiwan aborigines have a characteristic of Southern Mongoloid. Less