A Study on the Development Factors and Current Status of New Zealand Animal Industry

1984年以来，新西兰政府在自由化政策的基础上取消了农业补贴，农民不得不在收入减少的严峻条件下生存。1980年代后半期农业管理的特点是改变牲畜的组成比例和节省农场开支，由于奶制品出口停滞，奶制品委员会首次对牛奶生产进行管制。肉牛补栏增加，绵羊补栏减少。养鹿业已得到广泛发展。由于农场一直在草地上进行全季节放牧，因此没有必要改变围场的形式。节省农场开支的最简单的方法是减少化肥的用量，这会使草的生长和动物的能力变得不那么自然，但这是一种不可避免的方法，特别是对羊场来说。在一些地区，农民已经将部分农场改为猕猴桃果园，但他们现在正在遭受损失。 ...更多信息 生产过剩和价格下跌。根据我们对1985年和1988年调查的农场的跟踪调查，有许多农场出售、缩小规模、改变动物品种、扩大和整合农场管理等变化的情况，由于他们的个人条件。总的来说，新西兰农业已经度过了90年代初最糟糕的时期，乳品厂大规模地推进了整合和合理化，冷冻厂有的关闭了，有的新建了，由于新西兰农业及其相关产业的管理和技术已经非常先进，在第三次调查中，我们的研究小组在前两次调查的基础上获得了大量额外的信息和资料，包括政府、董事会和农民政治协会的政策和行动，大学和研究机构的最新研究成果，以及农业和农村发展方面的信息和资料。以及通过一般观察对土地使用、自然灾害、动物分布等进行研究。少

Based on the liberalization policy since 1984, the New Zealand government has removed agricultural subsidies, and farmers have to survive under severe conditions of decreasing income. The characteristics of agricultural management in the latter half of 1980s have been the change of composition rates of animals and saving of farm expenditures.Due to the stagnant export of dairy products, the Dairy Board regulated milk production for the first time. Beef cattle increased filling the decrease of sheep. Deer farming has been developing widely. As farms have been running all-season grazing on grasslands, there has been no need to change the form of paddocks. The easiest way to save farm expenditures has been decreasing of quantity of fertiliser, which makes growth of grass as well as the capacity of animals less naturally, but this has been an inevitable way especially-for sheep farms. In some areas farmers have changed part of their farms into Kiwifruit orchards, but they are now suffering … More from overproduction and fall of prices. According to our tracing survey of farms which were investigated in 1985 and 1988, there are many cases of changes like selling out of farms, reducing of farm size, changing animal species, expanding and integrating of farm management, etc., due to their individual conditions. Genarally speaking, New Zealand agriculture has passed through the worst situation at the beginning of 1990s.Among dairy factories, integration and rationalization have been promoted in a large scale, while as for freezing works, some were closed down and some others were newly established.As the New Zealand agriculture and its related industries have hitherto achieved a very advanced management and technology, they are expecting t6 win in the international competition in the Uruguay Round system.In the third survey, our study team got a lot of additional information and materials to the former two surveys ; on the policy and actions of the government, boards and political association of farmers ; on the latest results of research in universities and research institutes ; and on land use, natural disasters, distribution of animals, etc. by general observations. Less