Comparative study on female lung cancer in Japan, USA, China

虽然吸烟与肺癌的关系是明确的，但据说吸烟在女性腺癌患者中并不常见。本研究的目的是分析女性肺癌发生的因素，特别是非烟草因素。在我们的调查中，中国云南省抚远县的肺癌死亡率（LCMR）明显高于全国（51.9 vs 5.0/10万），抚远县的男女LCMR比为1.81，抚远县北部公社的LCMR高于南部公社。在抚远，90%以上的人是农民和汉族。女性吸烟的习惯是罕见的。煤炭开采是主要的工业之一，他们生产的煤在北方有烟，在南方无烟。传统上，他们使用煤进行室内烹饪、取暖和熏火腿。阜远北部民居烟尘对鼠伤寒沙门菌具有较高的诱变活性。抚远北部产烟煤的燃烧排放物的诱变活性高于南部产无烟煤。对阜远肺癌患者肺标本21例及日本肺癌患者肺标本137例进行致癌物含量及致突变活性分析。中国样品中苯并芘浓度较高（中国样品为608.7*477.1pg/g干重，日本样品为180.3*103 pg/g干重），对SA（YG1204, +S9）的诱变活性较高。另一方面，日本样品中1-硝基芘含量较高（日本样品为21.3*12.4pg/g干重，中国样品为5.9*2.4 pg/g），对SA（YG1029, -S9）具有较高的诱变活性。上述结果表明：1)抚远地区居民的生活方式、室内环境和燃煤排放物中致癌物浓度高可能是造成该地区居民LCMR高的原因。2)阜远地区和日本地区大气中强效致癌物的含量可能不同。

Although the relationship between cigarette smoking and lung carcinogenesis is clear, it is said smoking is not common in female adenocarcinoma patients. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors for lung carcinogenesis in females, especially non-tobacco factors.In our survey lung cancer mortality ratio(LCMR) in Fuyuan County, Yunnan Province, China was markedly high compared to that in whole China(51.9 vs 5.0/100,000), male to female ratio of LCMR in Fuyuan is 1.81, and LCMR in northern communes in Fuyuan was higher than that in southern. In Fuyuan more than 90% people are farmers, and the Han race. Smoking habit in females are rare. One of the major industries is coal mining, and they produce smoky coal in northern area and smokeless in southern. Traditionary they use coal for indoor cooking, heating and ham smoking.Soot collected from the houses of northern Fuyuan contained high mutagenic activities against Salmonella typhimurium(SA). Coal combustion emission derived from smoky coal produced in northern Fuyuan contained higher mutagenic activity than smokeless coal in southern. 21 resected lung specimens derived from lung cancer patients in Fuyuan and 137 specimens in Japan were analyzed for carcinogen content and mutagenic activiries. In Chinese samples higher concentration of benzopyrene (608.7*477.1pg/g dry weight in Chinese vs 180.3*103 in Japanese) and higher mutagenic activity to SA(YG1204, +S9) were detected. On the other hand, in Japanese samples higher concentration of 1-nitopyrene(21.3*12.4pg/g dry weight in Japanese vs 5.9*2.4 in Chinese) and higher mutagenic activity to SA(YG1029, -S9) were detected.These results suggest that1)in Fuyuan, life style, indoor environment and high concentration of carcinogen in coal combustion emission maybe the causes of high LCMR in. females,2)potent lung carcinogens in the atmosphere may different in Fuyuan and Japan.