Rural Industries and Rural Society in Colonial India : A Compraison with Japan

1.这项研究的主要目的是通过评估非农业经济活动对农村变化的影响来澄清殖民时期印度的社会经济变化。1992年7月在伦敦大学举行的SOAS南亚项目研讨会上提交了8篇论文。一些修改后的论文已被收录在H.Yanagisawa，印度当地农业协会，C.1760-1930.2。主要研究结果如下：(1)在印度，本土制糖业出现了以小规模生产为基础的技术发展。这项研究突显了该行业利用技术转移作为提高竞争力的手段的能力。(2)19世纪60年代后，南印度农业也经历了同样的变化。在精耕细作的大趋势下，大农场的相对优势消失了。劳动力向国外产业的移民加速了这一变化。因此，研究指出了劳动密集型技术的发展在亚洲经济发展中的重要性。(3)我们的研究揭示了孟加拉富农的增长和租户制度的扩大，这两者在日本史学中也有相似之处。(4)与这些方面的相似之处相反，Wakimura的工作指出了印度人口制度和日本人口制度的重要差异。

1. The main urpose of the research was to clarify the cocio-economic changes in colonial India by assessing the impact of non-agricultural economic activities on the rural changes.Eight papers were presented at SOAS South Asia Project Workshop held at SOAS, University of London in Juli 1992. Some of the revised papers have been included in H.Yanagisawa, Local Agrarian Society in India, c.1760-1930.2. Main Findings are as follows :(1)In India, The technological development based upon small scale production was observed in the indigenous sugar industry. the research highlighted the capasity of this industry for using technological adaotations as a means of enhancing competitiveness.(2)South Indian agriculture alo witnessed the same type of change after the 1860s. Under the general trend toward intensivve cultivation, the relative advantage of the large farm disappeeared. the emigration of the laborers to the estates abroad accelerated this change. thus the research pointed to the importance of the development of the labor intensive technology in the asian economic development.(3) Our research revealed a growth of rich peasantry and an expansion of the tenant system in Bengal, both of which have also parallels in the jJapanese historiography.(4)In contrast to these aspects of similarity, Wakimura's work points to the important difference between Indian demographic regime and that in Japan.