Changes in Consumption Pattern and the Growth of Small-Scale and Traditional Industries in India : 1860-1950

印度消费模式的变化与小型传统工业的增长：1860-1950

• 批准号: 16330063
• 负责人: YANAGISAWA Haruka
• 金额: $ 4.8万
• 依托单位: Chiba University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16330063/
• 关键词: India; economic history; social history; consumption; social change; income; small-scale industries; traditional industries; 国際研究者交流; アメリカ:インド:イギリス; インド:アメリカ; インド:アメリカ合衆国

1. The project organized an international workshop titled "Toward a History of Consumption in South Asia : 1850-1950" at Pune, India in December 2005, where 16 scholars from five countries presented their papers. These papers will be published by a leading academic publisher in India.2. The main findings the project has made are :(1) In India, consumption patterns had differed by community and class. These traditional patterns changed since the end of the 19th century. The changes were not simply towards westernization but also towards reviving and creating a part of "traditional" customs.(2) The changes in consumption patterns were influenced by transformations in social structure. The emancipation of lower classes in rural and urban societies led them to diversify their consumption items and partly to adopt consumption patterns that had been traditionally considered upper classes' customs.(3) The most people in urban as well as rural India expanded their consumption of cheap varieties of modern factory products like hosiery goods and matches.(4) Artisans in traditional industries generally adopted new machines and technologies, as well as organized themselves into a new system of production in which merchants could quickly communicate market information and new designs to artisans. Thus adapting themselves to the new environment, these so-called traditional industries could start a new development catering to newly created demands.(5) The inter-war period witnessed an increase in wage level of agricultural laborers except for Bengal etc.(6) These changes towards new patterns of consumption among common people were stimulated by India's trades with Asian countries as exemplified by imports of textiles and other miscellaneous goods from Japan and China and of rice from Burma rather than by imports from Europe. Peoples in Asia seem, to some extent, to share a common pattern of changes in their consumption customs.

1. 2005年12月，该项目在印度浦那组织了一次题为“走向南亚消费史：1850-1950”的国际研讨会，来自5个国家的16位学者发表了他们的论文。这些论文将由印度领先的学术出版商出版。该项目的主要发现是：(1)在印度，消费模式因社区和阶层而异。自19世纪末以来，这些传统的图案发生了变化。这些变化不仅仅是为了西方化，也是为了复兴和创造一部分“传统”习俗。(2)消费形态的变化受到社会结构变迁的影响。农村和城市社会下层阶级的解放使他们的消费项目多样化，并在一定程度上采用了传统上被认为是上层阶级习俗的消费模式。印度城市和农村的大多数人都扩大了对各种廉价的现代工厂产品的消费，如袜子和火柴。(4)传统行业的工匠普遍采用新的机器和技术，并组织成新的生产体系，商人可以快速地将市场信息和新的设计传达给工匠。因此，这些所谓的传统行业可以适应新的环境，开始新的发展，以满足新的需求。(5)两次世界大战期间，除了孟加拉等地外，农业劳动者的工资水平有所提高。(6)印度与亚洲国家的贸易刺激了普通民众向新消费模式的转变，例如从日本和中国进口纺织品和其他杂项商品，从缅甸进口大米，而不是从欧洲进口。在某种程度上，亚洲人的消费习惯似乎有着共同的变化模式。

项目成果

Match industry and female and child laborers in India (in Japanese)

印度的火柴业与女性和童工（日语）

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Gaikokugakukenkyu No.66
• 作者: 山室建徳;石上英一;吉岡 道子;Takashi Oishi;大石高志;井坂理穂;柳澤 悠;Takashi Oishi;Takashi Oishi
• 通讯作者: Takashi Oishi

植民地期インドにおける歴史記述 : パールシーの書く『自分たち』の歴史

殖民地印度的史学：帕西斯写的“我们自己”的历史

• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: 東大駒場連続講義 歴史をどう書くか(甚野尚志編)(講談社)
• 作者: 山室建徳;石上英一;吉岡 道子;Takashi Oishi;大石高志;井坂理穂;柳澤 悠;Takashi Oishi;Takashi Oishi;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka;柳澤 悠;Haruka Yanagisawa;井坂理穂;Haruka Yanagisawa;Haruka Yanagisawa;井坂理穂;Riho Isaka;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka;Haruka Yanagisawa;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka;Riho Isaka;井坂 理穂
• 通讯作者: 井坂 理穂

「インドにおけるマッチ産業と女性・児童の労働-矮小化と弾力性の表裏関係」

“印度的工业与妇女和童工相匹配——同一枚硬币的两面：平凡化和韧性”

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: 『外国学研究』<特集:女性と世界>神戸市外国語大学外国学研究所 66号
• 作者: 大石高志;Takashi OISHI;Takashi OISHI;Takashi OISHI;大石高志;大石高志;大石高志;大石 高志;大石 高志;Takashi OISHI;大石高志;Takashi OISHI;大石高志;Takashi OISHI (大石 高志);大石 高志
• 通讯作者: 大石 高志

India modern and contemporary history and English novels in India (in Japanese)

印度近现代史和印度的英文小说（日文）

• 发表时间: 2007
• 期刊: Eigoseinen Vol.152, No.10
• 作者: 山室建徳;石上英一;吉岡 道子;Takashi Oishi;大石高志;井坂理穂;柳澤 悠;Takashi Oishi;Takashi Oishi;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka
• 通讯作者: Riho Isaka

小規模工業・企業の展開と消費構造の変化 : 1920年~1950年のインド

小规模工业企业的发展与消费结构的变化：1920年至1950年的印度

• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: 千葉大学経済研究 第19巻第3号
• 作者: 山室建徳;石上英一;吉岡 道子;Takashi Oishi;大石高志;井坂理穂;柳澤 悠;Takashi Oishi;Takashi Oishi;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka;柳澤 悠;Haruka Yanagisawa;井坂理穂;Haruka Yanagisawa;Haruka Yanagisawa;井坂理穂;Riho Isaka;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka;Haruka Yanagisawa;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka;Riho Isaka;井坂 理穂;井坂理穂;Haruka Yanagisawa;Haruka Yanagisawa;Riho Isaka;Riho Isaka;Takashi Oishi;Riho Isaka;Takashi Oishi;柳澤 悠;柳澤 悠;Takashi Oishi;井坂 理穂;柳澤 悠
• 通讯作者: 柳澤 悠