Anomalous Diffusion of Plasma Current and Anomalous Transports Induced by Plasma Turbulence

在载流等离子体中获得了与螺旋输运有关的热输运和粒子输运。螺旋通量代表平行电流密度的输运，由具有圆极化分量的电场产生。圆极化分量的波动导致交叉场非线性平行电流产生有限平均，从而产生摩擦电子热流和离子非线性极化电流，产生粒子通量。因此，扰动电场的圆极化将螺旋通量、电子热通量和粒子通量联系起来，使热量和粒子沿与螺旋通量相反的方向传递。无论螺旋度是通过振荡场注入外部还是在等离子体内部产生，该结果都适用。在伴随快速重联的磁流体动力学弛豫中，由扭结型不稳定性引起的磁波动产生有限的磁压缩，相应的横向电场通过传递时间阻尼耗散。这种耗散机制不改变螺旋度，但耗散涨落能量导致离子直接加热。这与基于撕裂模式湍流的慢弛豫过程相反，其中平行电场主要耗散，伴随着电子的优先加热和螺旋度的耗散。

Heat and particle transports which are associated with the helicity transport are obtained in a current-carrying plasma. The helicity flux represents the transport of parallel current density and is produced by an electric field with a circularly polarized component. Fluctuations with circularly polarized components induce finite average in cross-field nonlinear parallel current, which leads to generation of frictional electron heat flux as well as ion nonlinear polarization current which produces particle flux. The circular polarization of the perturbed electric field thus relates the helicity flux, electron heat flux and the particle flux in such a manner that the heat and the particle transports in the direction opposite to the helicity flux. This result applies whether the helicity is injected externally by oscillating fields or it is generated internally in the plasma.In the magnetohydrodynamic relaxation accompanying fast reconnections, magnetic fluctuations originating from kink-type instabilities yield a finite magnetic compression, and the corresponding transverse electric field is dissipated through the transit-time damping. This dissipation mechanism does not change the helicity, while it dissipates the fluctuation energy to result in direct heating of ions. This is in contrast to a slow relaxation process based on the tearing mode turbulence, where the parallel electric field is predominantly dissipated, which accompanies preferential heating of electrons and dissipation of the helicity.