Control and Evaluation Method for Penetration of Surfactant Solutions in Textiles

本文用电容测量法研究了表面活性剂水溶液垂直渗透涤纶织物的瞬态现象，旨在论证这种现象的速率决定因素。当十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）、十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）、十二烷基聚氧乙烯醚（AE，环氧乙烷平均加成摩尔数n = 4.3 ~ 17.9）的水溶液与两个平行平板电极组成的电容器接触时，电容量随溶液在织物中的上升而灵敏地变化。记录这种变化可以从过程的初始阶段进行准确的跟踪。用聚酯-SDS、AOT或DTAB溶液体系进行的测量表明，随着浓度的增加，渗透率先增加后减少。在1秒内的实验结果的瞬态特性的分析试图通过应用毛细管流动的动力学的理论方法，从文献中已知的，设置必要的参数支配的毛细管渗透率。结果表明，渗透率的增加或减少可归因于在织物润湿过程中在纤维表面形成取向的单层或双层。

Transient phenomena of vertical penetration of aqueous surfactant solutions into polyester fabric have been studied with the aim of demonstrations to rate- determining factors in such phenomena, by a new method based on measuring of electric capacitance. When an aqueous solution of sodium lauryl sulfate(SDS), sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (AOT) lauryl trimethylammonium bromid (DTAB) and polyoxyethylene laurylethers (AE, average addition moles of ethylene oxide n = 4.3 - 17.9) is in contact with a condenser consisting of two parallel plate electrodes with polyester fabric between them, its electric capacitance sensitively changes with the rise of the solution in the fabric. Recording of this change can make possible an accurate tracing from the initial stage of the process. Measurements made with polyester-SDS, AOT, or DTAB solution systems indicate an increase followed by a decrease in the rate of penetration as the concentration is increased. Analysis of the transient characteristics for the experimental results within 1 sec was attempted by application of the theoretical approaches to the dynamics of capillary flow, known from literature, setting essential parameters governing the rate of capillary penetration. It is shown that the increase or decrease in the rate of penetration can be attributed to forming of oriented monolayers or bilayers at the fiber surface during the wetting of the fabric.