A Study on the Comfort of Living Environment for the Elderly

本研究旨在探讨老年人居住环境的舒适状况。首先，通过对老年人进行问卷调查，评估与日常生活安全和舒适相关的环境因素。对这项调查的分析揭示了老年人在日常生活中存在的严重问题。指出了城市公共空间等环境中存在的问题。此外，我们还对视觉、热环境和声环境因素进行了调查和实验。具体情况如下。(1)从磕磕绊绊的角度对不同楼层的能见度进行了实验研究。不同楼层的高度和照度对不同楼层的能见度有影响。尤其是老年人更容易受其影响。(2)对地下街道信息地图、引导标志等视觉信息的可见性进行了调查。此外，利用透明度，我们对年轻人和老年人都进行了问卷调查。视觉信息应使老年人易于识别。(3)阐明了车厢内外热环境对人体的影响。测量了温度、相对湿度和气流。此外，还检测了4个点的鼓室温度和人体皮肤表面温度。同时，采集了热感觉数据。(4)通过实验比较了人体步态中脚跟撞击对人体多个部位的影响。跟骨处产生的加速度随地板的不同而不同。(5)分析公共设施噪声的频率，掌握声环境，改善其缺陷。

This study was conducted to examine the comfortable condition of living environment for the elderly. Primarily, environmental elements concerning safety and amenity of daily lives were estimated through questionnaire survey to the elderly. Analysis of this survey revealed the serious problems for aged people in daily lives. Some problems among their environment including public space were pointed out. In addition, we conducted some surveys and experiments on the factor of visual, thermal and sound environment. Those are as follows.(1) Experiments were conducted to examine the visibilty of different floor levels from stumbling point of view. The height of different floor levels and illuminance had influence on the visibility of different floor levels. Especially, the elderly were easily influenced by them.(2) A survey of visibility of visual informations as information maps and guidance signs on underground streets was conducted. Further, using trancsparencies, we set out a questionnaire both to young and aging people. The visual informations should be to enable aging people to easily recognize them.(3) The influence of thermal environment inside and outside of rail-road cars to human beings was clarified. Temperature, relative humidity and air current were measured. Moreover, temperature of the tympanum and of the human skin surface at 4 points were examined. At the same time, the datum of thermal sensation were collected.(4) Experiments were conducted to compare the impact on severalparts of the body caused by the striking of the heel during human gait. The genarated acceleration at calcaneus varied with the difference of flooring.(5) The frequency of the noise in public facilities was analyzed to grasp the sound environment and improve their defects.