Linguistic Analysis of the question of Narra tor and Reality of French fan tasy novels

在对18、19世纪法国奇幻小说进行分析的基础上，通过对法国文学“小说”体裁的发展和变异，我们得出了以下关于奇幻小说意义的结论：在法国早期的非严肃童话中，奇幻题材较为常见。但在18世纪下半叶，小说以第一人称故事的形式首次被公认为一种严肃的文学体裁：在个人时代，小说被认为是个人真实的表现。但随着19世纪小说的现实从个人真实转向社会历史真实，小说开始采用第三人称故事的形式，从事件的外部进行客观的叙述。这个时代的奇幻小说必须调和体裁本身所声称的客观真理与幻想作为不现实的东西之间的冲突。对于这一问题，我们可以观察到两种解决方案：第一，故事世界失去了真实，所叙述的奇幻事件被象征性地解读；第二种解决方案是让其中一个人物讲述他或她的奇幻经历，叙述者不参与看起来不真实的事件的叙述。这些观察得出结论：幻想只能作为第一人称的经验而具有现实，正是通过第二种解决方案所形成的自我知觉或自我意识的怀疑的母题，作为体裁的小说在20世纪初开始回归第一人称的“个体真实”。

On the basis of the analysis of french fantasy novels of 18th and 19th centuries, we obtained the following results concerning the meaning of the fantasy novels through the development and the mutation of the genre "novel" of the french literature.In France, the themes of fantasy had been familier among the non-serious fairy tales of earlier period. But the novel was recognized for the first time as a serious literary genre on the second half of the 18th century under the form of the first person story : at the age of the "individuals", novels were considered as the representation of the indivivual truth.But as the reality of novels changed from the individual truth to the social and historical truth during the 19th century, novels began to take the form of 3rd person story, narrated objectively from the outside of the event. Fantasy novels of this epoch had to reconcile the conflict of the objective truth claimed by the genre itself and the fantasy as what is unrealistic. We could observe two solutions of the question : firstly, the story world loses the reality and fantastic events narrated are interpretated symbolically ; the second solution is to make one of the characters tell his or her fantastic experience and the narrator doesn't involve himself to the narration of the unreal-looking incident.These observations led us to the conclusion that the fantasy can have the reality only as the experience of the 1st person, and that it is by the motif of the doubt of perception or consciousness of the self developped by this second solution that the novels as genre began to return to the 1st person's "individual truth" on the beginning of the 20th century.