Taxonomic studies on Musci, with special reference to the morphology of sporocytes and their relationships to higher taxonomic ranks

本文对7目17科33种藓类植物的孢子发生进行了研究，以寻找有价值的高等分类学特征。观察的重点是孢子母细胞的形态：无论他们是球形或四裂和减数分裂阶段，在该阶段的细胞质四叶在光显微镜下被确认与Carnoy溶液固定的材料和0.5%的乙酰地衣红染色。四裂的孢子母细胞被观察到，只有属于该科的种除了那些的小珠菌。对寡孢霉属的研究是评价四裂孢子母细胞在更高级别的分类学上的重要依据。在许多顶果藓类减数分裂第二次分裂的后期和后期观察到细胞质裂片，而在许多侧果藓类中甚至在前体-I也可以识别。泥炭藓属和Andreaea属的孢子母细胞是球形到卵球形，从不四裂;但Andreaea属的孢子四分体非常有特征，其孢子壁强烈褶皱并紧密地堆积在孢子母细胞壁中，并且孢子在从孢子母细胞壁释放后不久迅速膨胀并变大。泥炭藓属和Andreaea属的孢子体在从周壁叶露出时已经发育完成，这似乎具有分类学上的重要性，因为这一现象在苔科中是已知的自然现象。

Investigations of sporogenesis were conducted on 33 species of mosses belonging to 7 orders and 17 families in order to search any characters worth of taxonomic recognition of higher categories. Observations were focused especially on the morphology of sporocytes: whether they are spherical or four-lobed and the meiotic stage at which cytoplasmic four-lobing is recognized under photomicroscope with regard to the materials fixed with Carnoy's solution and stained by 0.5% aceto-orcein. Four-lobed sporocytes were observed only species belonging to the family Polytrichaceae except those of Bartramiopsis. The investigation on Oligotrichum is indispensable to evaluate four-lobed sporocytes as taxonomic importance of higher rank. Cytoplasmic lobing was observed at and later stages of second division of meiosis in many acrocarpous mosses, while it was recognizable even at prophase-I in many pleurocarpous mosses. Sporocytes of Sphagnum and Andreaea are spherical to ovoid, never four-lobed; but spore-tetrads of Andreaea are very characteristic having the spores which have the walls strongly wrinkled and are closely packed in the wall of sporocyte, and spores quickly swollen and becoming larger soon after liberation from the sporocyte wall. It seems to be of taxonomic importance that the development of sporophytes of Sphagnum and Andreaea is already completed when they exposed from perichaetial leaves, since this phenomenon is of nature known in hepaticae.