Basic Research on the Characteristics of Cloths to Keep Warmth and Moisture Permeability

对织物的热物理性能进行了测试和分析，为探讨织物的保暖性和透湿性等基本特性提供了必要的依据。对一种纺织品进行了真空下的真实的导热系数、透气性、孔隙率和表观厚度的精确测量。在此基础上，讨论了ASTM标准测定的织物热透过率的物理意义。在此基础上，提出了改进ASTM标准的可能性和方向。在O。利用Krischer原理，建立了一套能同时测量织物在真空和空气中的热穿透系数、比热和导热系数的装置。并使用由聚酯制成的标准纺织品样品进行测量。提出并研制了一套适用于达西定律的低稳定流速条件下纺织品渗透率的精密测量装置。使用标准纺织品样品进行测量。根据ASTM标准测试方法的说明制备用于测量热透射率的装置，并对上述纺织品样品进行测量。作为试验方法的问题，指出了为确保向试样提供的热量而对保护加热器进行控制的困难，以及对织物试样的自然对流效应的修正不充分。在1992财政年度，对前一年获得的结果进行了精确的讨论，并充实了内容。

Experiments and analyses were done concerning the measurement of thermophysical properties of a textile fabrics, which were necessary for the basic discussions of the characteristics of cloths, such as keeping warmth and moisture permeability. Concerning a textile fabrics, the real thermal conductivity in a vacuum, the permeability, the porosity and the apparent thickness were measured precisely. On the bases of the above properties, the physical meaning of the thermal transmittance of the textile fabrics determined by the ASTM standard were discussed. Then, the possibility and the directions to improve the ASTM standard were suggested.The following results were obtained in the financial year 1991.1. On the bases of the transient flat-plate measuring method by O. Krischer, the apparatus to measure simultaneously the thermal penetration factor, the specific heat and the thermal conductivity of a textile fabrics both in a vacuum and in an air was constructed. And the measurements were done using the standard textile sample made of polyester.2. An apparatus to measure precisely the permeability of a textile sample was proposed and constructed under the measuring condition of low stable fluid velocity, where the Darcy's law can be applied. Measurements were done using the standard textile sample.3. An apparatus to measure the thermal transmittance was prepared on the instructions of the ASTM standard test method, and the measurements were done on the above textile sample. It was pointed out, as the problems of the test method, that the control of the guard heater to ensure the amount of heat supplied to the sample was impossibly difficult and that the modification of the natural convection effects over the textile sample was not adequate.In the financial year 1992, the results obtained through the former year were discussed precisely and the contents were filled up.