A Japan U.S.comparative study of Social welfare support system for fomale-headed family oceuring in the tendenncy of "the femoization of poverty"

目的：本研究（1993-1995）是教育部社会科学研究基金“美日共同工作家庭儿童保育制度及其费用负担比较研究”（1987-1989）的接续研究。先前的研究表明，在妇女是主要生活贡献者的“女户主家庭”中，工作时照顾孩子的困难尤为明显。随后，本研究开始着重澄清“女户主家庭”的困难和促使这些家庭独立的必要社会福利服务。-进展-本研究是从女性主义研究的角度进行的。1993年和1994年夏季在美国进行研究时，在密歇根州底特律及其周边地区进行了采访。1993年对独立的“女性户主家庭”进行了15次访谈，1994年对一些公共援助机构进行了36次访谈。在日本有更多的研究，考虑到与美国的比较，在名古屋及其周边地区进行了访谈，因为一般大都市地区的社会福利问题明显存在。在1994年至1995年期间，对42个接受公共和（或）私人社会福利服务的“女户主家庭”进行了访问。-摘要-根据美日比较研究的结果，很明显，现有的社会福利政策并没有有效地促进“女性户主家庭”的独立。在美国和日本，父母及其子女连续两代人成为AFDC和/或某些社会服务的接受者的证据，都证明了现有的社会福利不足以有效地终止“贫困女性化”的循环。其中一个原因是“女户主家庭”在工作中照顾孩子的公共支持体系效率低下。为“女户主家庭”提供独立前景的职业和/或教育计划尚未有效建立。在公共托儿制度方面，日本走在前面，在职业和/或教育方面，美国分别走在前面。换句话说，采用这两种社会支持系统迫在眉睫。为了激发“女户主家庭”的独立性，持续阻止“贫困女性化”，必须重新审视站在女权主义视角下的社会福利，将性别制度视为一种现存的结构性性别歧视。少

-Objective-The sutdy (1993-1995) was conducted as a consecutive study of "US-Japan Comparable Study of Child Care System and its Burden for Expense at Co-Working Families" (1987-1989), which was sponsored by the Social Science Research Grant, the Ministry of Education. The previous research clarifies that difficulties of caring children while working, are intensively seen at "Female-Headed Families" where women are main contributors of living. Consecutively, at this study, the research was initiated to focus clarification on difficulties with "Female-Headed Families" and necessary social welfare services which induce independence of those.-Progress-The study was conducted from feminist research view. At the research in the States, during the summers of 1993 and 1994, interviews were conducted at Detroit, Michigan and its surrounding areas. In 1993, fifteen (15) interviews of independent "Female-Headed Families" and in 1994, thirty-six (36) with some public aids were conducted. At the r … More esearch in Japan, considering comparison with the same in the States, interviews were conducted at Nagoya and its surrounding areas in terms of the location where social welfare problems evidently exist in general metropolitan areas. There, between 1994 and 1995, forty-two (42) "Female-Headed Families" who are recipients of public and/or private social welfare services, were interviewed.-Summary-Per the results of US-Japan comparable study, it becomes clear that the existing social welfare policy isn't efficiently working to stimulate the independence of "Famale-Headed Families". Both in the States and Japan, the evidence that two consecutive generations from parent and their children become recipients of AFDC and/or some social services are seen, is a proof that the existing social welfare isn't efficient enough to terminate the cycle of "Feminization of Poverty". One reason exists at the inefficient public support system for "Female-Headed Families" to care children while working. The vocational and/or educational programs with the prospective of independence for "Female-Headed Families" haven't been efficiently established. In the area of public child care system, Japan steps ahead, the vocational and/or educational support, the States does respectively. In other words, adopting both social support systems is imminent. To stimulate the independence of "Female-Headed Families" and consecutively hinder "Feminization of Poverty", the social welfare which stands on feminist perspective viewing the gender system as an existing structural sexual discrimination, must be reviewed. Less