A comparative Mineralogy of airborne dusts in Korea and Japan

日本和韩国进行了一项合作研究，以调查酸雨的起源和大气污染引起的全球绿色房屋效应。重点分析了西北冬季风对大气沙尘污染的影响及沙尘的远距离输送特征。为了对两城市的大气污染状况进行比较和评价，分别在韩国首尔市和日本金泽市采集了大气尘和酸性沉积物样品，通过NO2的测定和扫描电镜EDAX分析，研究了两城市大气中NO2的浓度和大气尘和酸性沉积物的特征。首尔市上空NO_2浓度范围为0.0285 ~ 0.0845 ppm，表明首尔市上空空气污染严重，其主要原因可能是汽车排放的废气。SEM和EDAX分析的结果表明，从首尔地区收集的空气灰尘不仅由粘土矿物等土壤颗粒组成， ...更多信息 而且含有大量含硫物质和重金属如Mn的颗粒，表明存在人为污染源。特别是用扫描电镜观察到大量含硫和钙的多孔球形粉尘，这些粉尘被认为是化石燃料燃烧的残余物。从金泽采集的酸性沉积物（冰雹）也显示出相当数量的含有S和Ca作为主要成分的小球状尘埃。从颗粒的球形形态完全不同于火山喷发成因的长柱状和针状晶体，我们可以推断这些含S和Ca的球形颗粒可能是主要由工业活动引起的人为成因。上述含硫硫酸盐的酸性粒子易凝结成云核，是造成酸雨的原因之一。因此，有必要考虑人为大气污染的全球循环和传输，并在更大范围内调查污染源。少

A co-research was conducted between Japan and Korea to investigate the origin of acid rain and global green house effect caused by atmospheric pollution. Emphases were placed on the characteristics of polluted atmospheric dust and long range transport of air dust by northwest winter monsoon. Air dust samples and acid deposits were collected from Seoul city, Korea and Kanazawa city, Japan to make comparable investigation and to evaluate the atmospheric pollution between two cities.Measurement of NO_2 and analysis by SEM with EDAX were carried out to survey the concentration of NO_2 and the characteristics of air dust and acid deposits both in two cities. NO_2 concentration over Seoul city ranges from 0.0285 ppm to 0.0845 ppm, suggesting a highly polluted air over Seoul city, which may be mainly caused by waste gases drainaged by automobiles. The result by SEM with EDAX analysis shows that air dust collected from Seoul area are composed of, not only soil particles such as clay minerals, … More but also considerable quantity of particles containing sulfuric materials and heavy metals such as Mn, suggesting a presence of anthropogenic polluted sources. Particularly, much porous spherical dust containing S and Ca were observed with SEM which are considered as residual materials from combustion of fossil fuel. Acid deposits (hails) collected from Kanazawa also show considerable amounts of small spherical dust containing S and Ca as main compositions. From spherical morphology of the particles different completely from normally occurred long columnar and needle crystals with an origin of volcanic eruption, we can infer that these spherical particles containing S and Ca may have an anthropogenic origin caused mainly by industrial activities. Above acid particles with sulfur of sulfate are easy to be condensed as colud nuclei, which is one of the origin resulting in acid rain. It is necessary to consider the global cycles and transport of anthropogenic air pollution and to investigate the pollution sources in wider area. Less