Joint Research on the Chemistry of Stratospheric Ozone Loss

平流层臭氧的长期减少在中纬度45度左右很明显，在高纬度地区更大。这种减少的原因被认为是由活性氯的催化循环引起的，活性氯是通过氟氯化碳的分解产生的。然而，观测到的臭氧减少不能仅仅用气相化学来解释。在psc和硫酸气溶胶上发生的非均相过程可能起着重要作用。然而，对大气中非均相过程的直接观测仍然有限。我们在法国44oN的CNES气球发射中心对痕量物种进行了气球测量。1994年1月，日本向法国运送了测量NO、HNO_3、NO_y、O_3和气溶胶的仪器。地球圈化学与动力学研究所的科学家们制备了测量稳定氯、N_2O、CH_4和H_2O的仪器。我们将这些仪器重新整合到2月份发射的贡多拉上，测量了10到32公里范围内这些物种的轮廓。在20公里以下发现气溶胶浓度远高于背景值。气球飞行后，我们的NO， NO_y和气溶胶仪器在德国的低压和低温下进行了校准。这些实验室数据在目前正在进行的数据缩减中非常重要。气球上收集的空气样本已成功回收，目前在德国进行了非常精确的分析。在气球实验期间，我们连续测量了基鲁纳（68^oN）和莫希里（44^oN）的平流层NO_2和O_3。这些数据将用于解释气球数据。气球实验结束后，结合示踪气体分析了过去获得的NO和NO_y数据。平流层下层N_2O与NO_y之间存在良好的线性关系。这一关系对研究活性氮的预算和分配具有重要意义。NO数据与欧洲获得的激光雷达数据进行了比较。一般来说，火山喷发增强气溶胶时NO值较低，说明非均相反应对硫酸气溶胶的影响。少

Long-term decrease in the stratospheric ozone is prominent at mid-latitude around 45^o and is even larger at higher latitudes. The cause of this decrease is considered to be caused by the catalytic cycles by active chlorine species, which is produced through decomposition of CFCs. However, the observed decrease in ozone can not be explained by only gas phase chemistry. It is likely that heterogeneous processes occurring on the PSCs and sulfuric acid aerosols are playing important roles. However, direct observations of the heterogeneous processes in the atmosphere are still limited.We made balloon borne measurements of trace species from the CNES balloon launching center located at 44oN in France. Instruments to measure NO, HNO_3, NO_y, O_3, and aerosol were transported from Japan to France in January 1994. Instruments to measure stable chlorine species, N_2O, CH_4 and H_2O were prepared by the scientists of the Institute for Chemistry and Dynamics of the Geosphere. These instruments we … More re integrated into a gondola, which was launched in February and the profiles of these species from 10 to 32 km were measured. Aerosol concentration was found to be much higher than the background values below 20 km. After the balloon flight our NO, NO_y, and aerosol instruments were calibrated under low pressure and temperatures in Germany. These laboratory data are very important in the data reduction currently going on. Air samples collected on board the balloon were recovered successfully and are currently analyzed very precisely in Germany.During the period of the balloon experiment, we have made continuous measurements of stratospheric NO_2 and O_3 in Kiruna (68^oN) and Moshiri (44^oN). These data will be used in interpreting the balloon data.After the balloon experiment, NO and NO_y data obtained in the past were analyzed in conjunction with the tracer gases. A good liear relation between N_2O and NO_y in the lower stratosphere has been found. This relation will be useful for studies in the budget and partitioning of the reactive nitrogen. NO data are compared with lidar data obtained in Europe. Generally, NO values are lower when aerosols are enhanced due to volcanic eruptions, suggesting the effect of heterogeneous reaction on sulfuric acid aerosols. Less