Fundamental Studies on Ecological Characteristics and Environmental Management of Coastal Ecotones

(1)玉马川河口颗粒有机物(POM)的碳同位素比值(Delta^&lt；13&gt；C)在-30*o-17*之间。三角洲的广泛分布是陆源有机物与浮游植物混合的结果。东京湾夏季表层浮游植物的光合作用活性较低，可能是由于溶解无机氮组分的突变和磷酸盐和硅酸盐氮的缺乏所致。(2)在富营养化的浅水湖Kasumigaura，1994-1995年没有出现自1977年以来一直在10月至3月期间观察到的湖水中大量硝酸盐的积累，尽管从1991年开始，湖泊环境没有发生明显的变化，但微囊藻水华向摆动藻的转变。(3)琵琶湖北部和南部盆地，浮游生物群落的动态受微生物食物网中的氮循环和风诱导的来自深层的零星磷供应的极大影响。(4)Sa…更多生长在东南亚沿海地区低地上的围棋棕榈树会在它们的扁豆中积累淀粉。在热带泥炭土上需要10-13年，在冲积土上需要8-10年才能成熟。初步的投入产出平衡研究表明，在种植西米棕榈树的情况下，泥炭土中铜有积累的趋势，锌有流失的趋势。1983-1994年的田间试验表明，在地下20厘米处铺设石灰碎石对改善表层土壤酸度和增加水稻和旱地玉米产量具有显著和可持续的效果。(5)缓解的概念表明，除了环境保护和恢复外，还包括创造良好的环境以及明智和适当地利用和管理各种资源。在确定什么是适当的时，主要考虑的是由每个生态系统的固有性质决定的使用能力。罢工的过程是在改善人民福祉和造成令人不快的环境变化之间取得平衡。为加强环境管理的合理性，提出了一种新的微观核算框架--“环境资源管理会计”，并通过数值模拟说明了该框架的应用。较少

(1) The carbon isotope ratio (delta^<13>C) in particulate organic matter (POM) at the Tamagawa River estuary ranged from -30* o -17*. The wide range of delta^<13>C is interpreted by mixing of land-derived organics with phytoplankton. Lower photosynthetic activity of surface phytoplankton in summer in Tokyo Bay was suggested to be due to sudden change of dissolved inorganic nitrogen composition and nitrogen deficiency relative to phosphate and silicate.(2) In eutrophic shallow Lake Kasumigaura, the accumulation of large amount of nitrate in lake water, which has been observed during October to March since 1977, did not occur in 1994-1995, though there were no significant changes in lake environment except the transition of Microcystis bloom to Oscillatoria from 1991.(3) In northern and southern basins of Lake Biwa, dynamics of plankton communities were greatly affected by nitrogen cycling through microbial food webs and wind-induced sporadic supply of phosphorus from deeper layrs.(4) Sa … More go palms growing on the lowland along southeast Asian coastal areas accumulate starch in their tunks. It takes 10-13 years on tropical peat soils and 8-10 years on alluvial soils until maturing. The preliminary input and output budget study showed that copper tended to accumulate while zinc to be lost from peat soils under sago palm cultivat ion. Field experiments from 1983 to 1994 suggested that the underlaying of lime gravels 20 cm below the ground was significantly and sustainably effective in improving surface soil acidity and in increasing lowland rice and upland maize yields.(5) The concept of mitigation was shown to include the creation of favorable environment as well as the wise and proper use and management of various resources in addition to the environmental conservation and restoration. The major consideration in determining what is proper is the capability for use as determined by inherent nature of each ecological system. The process of striking is a balance between improving well-being of people and causing undesirable environmental change. To enhance rational environmental management, a new micro-accounting framework called "environmental resource management accounting" was proposed and its use was illustrated in terms of numerical simulations. Less