NON-DESTRUCTIVE CELLULAR MEASUREMENTS AND ANALYSIS OF NITROGEN METABOLISMS FOR HIGHER PLANTS SUBJECTED TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESSES

当植物受到环境胁迫时，我们知道植物体内的氮代谢会发生改变。然而，在受到环境胁迫的植物中，氮代谢调节的详细机制尚不清楚，因此，本研究采用细胞水平的非破坏性测量方法研究了胁迫适应的生理机制。当测量生长中大豆幼苗单细胞的水分状况时，发现伸长区存在与细胞生长相关的水势场。当生长受到环境胁迫或切除的干扰时，与细胞生长相关的水势场崩溃，因此，显然应该使用非破坏性的细胞测量来研究完整植物在环境胁迫下的胁迫反应。为了检测与分化相关的氮代谢，我们在…更多的爱德。当组织培养基中铵离子浓度较高时，可诱导出非胚性愈伤组织。随着硝酸盐浓度的增加和氨离子浓度的降低，胚性愈伤组织分化。分析非胚性愈伤组织和胚性愈伤组织蛋白质合成的差异，发现在胚性愈伤组织中有链霉亲和素结合蛋白，而在非胚性愈伤组织中没有。随着胡萝卜细胞胚胎发生的进行，细胞骨架蛋白，即肌动蛋白、a-微管蛋白和b-微管蛋白的数量上出现了差异。番茄果实发生花端腐烂后，细胞壁组分和细胞骨架组分在细胞内发生降解，并在果实发生花端腐烂后立即进行细胞骨架组分分析。链霉亲和素结合蛋白在水果中的细胞骨架成分分解之前就开始消失。根据这些发现，新发现的链霉亲和素结合蛋白似乎与环境压力下细胞中细胞骨架成分的形成和维持有关。较少

When plants are subjected to environmental stresses, it is known that nitrogen metabolisms are modified in plants. However, detailed mechanisms for modification in nitrogen metabolisms are not known in plants subjected to environmental stresses, and thus physiological mechanisms for stress adaptation were studied in the present study by using non-destructive measurements in the cellular level.When the water status of single cells in the growing soybean seedings was measured, it was found that a water potential field associated with cell growth existed in the zone of elongation. When growth was disturbed either by applying environmental stresses or excision, the water potential field associated with cell growth was collapsed, and thus, it became apparent that non-destructive cellular measurements should be used to study stress response under environmental stresses in intact plants.In order to check the nitrogen metabolism related to differentiation, tissue culture of carrot cells was us … More ed. When the concentration of ammonium ions was kept relatively high in the tissue culture medium, non-embryogenic callus was induced. When the concentration of nitrate was increased and that of ammonium ions was decreased, embryogenic callus was differentiated. When differences in protein synthesis between non-embryogenic callus and embryogenic callus were analyzed, streptavidin-binding proteins were found in embryogenic callus and not found in non-embryogenic callus. When embryogenesis in carrot cells proceeded, quantitative differences in cytoskeleton proteins, i.e., actin, a-and b-tubulins were observed. When blossom-end rot occurs in tomato fruits, it is known that cell wall components and cytoskeleton components are degraded in cells od fruits.Immediately after blossom-end rot appeared in tomato fruits, cytoskeleton components were analyzed. Streptavidin-binding proteins began to disappear before cytoskeleton components disintegrated in fruits. From these findings, newly found streptavidin-binding proteins seem to be related to formation and maintenance of cytoskeleton components in cells under environmental stresses. Less