Legitimacy of various actors around rights to manage commons: Researches and Experiments in Japan, China, and Europe

围绕着公地的行动者必须就谁应该被批准管理公地的权利，以及为了管理公地而证明这些权利的理由或价值达成共识。本研究将合法性定义为他人或自己管理公地的权利的认可程度，并以内蒙古自治区冲绳县的调查结果和模拟博弈实验为基础，探讨了合法性研究的理论和实践方法。冲绳的调查显示，合法性等制度性实质会干扰判断合法性的可信度等感知性实质。内蒙古的另一项研究表明，行为者对草原的评价不同，其合法性也不一致。此外，一个模拟游戏的结果“谁和为什么游戏”显示，故意之间的行为者转移了他们的相互认可的合法性结构。

Actors around the commons have to make a consensus on who should be approved rights to manage them, and on what are reasons or values to prove the rights in order to manage commons. This study defined legitimacy as approvability of others' or one' s own rights to manage commons and discussed on theoretical or practical means for investigating the legitimacy based on results of surveys in Okinawa prefecture, Inner Mongolia autonomous region, and experiments using a simulation gaming. The surveys in Okinawa revealed that institutional substance like legality interfered on perceived substance such as trustworthiness to judge legitimacy. Another research in Inner Mongolia indicated inconsistency of legitimacy among actors in accordance with their different evaluation of grass-land. Moreover, results of a simulation gaming "Who & Why Game" revealed that deliberate among actors shifted their mutual approval structure of legitimacy.